两种大豆籽粒萌发特性差异的比较转录组分析  

Comparative transcriptome analysis of differences in seed germination characteristics between two soybean varieties

作　　者：严文培 孙霞 邓莹莹 李强[1] 吴秀菊[1] YAN Wen-pei;SUN Xia;DENG Ying-ying;LI Qiang;WU Xiu-ju(College of Life Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Shandong Academy of Agri-cultural Sciences,Rizhao 276800,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]山东省日照市农业科学研究院,山东日照276800

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第1期28-35,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发项目生物种质资源创新及应用(2021YFD1201104-02)。

摘　　要：大豆种子的萌发决定着幼苗建成和生长发育进程,快速萌发及高发芽率是大豆生产中获得高产的重要保障。本研究以不同萌发特性的黑农35及其诱变株系M为材料,基于萌发初期种皮微形态观察和主要生理指标检测,拟通过“露白期”(吸水后24 h)转录组的差异基因分析,进一步明晰大豆种子萌发机理。结果表明,两者的吸水率和发芽率存在显著差异;扫描电镜观察发现,与黑农35相比,M的种脐较长,种皮较薄,这些形态特征可能是萌发初期M吸水更快的主要原因。萌发过程中脱落酸(ABA)含量逐渐下降,可溶性蛋白含量均呈先下降后上升趋势,可溶性糖含量均为上升-下降-上升的“S”形。转录组分析发现两者共有1122个差异基因,其中478个上调,644个下调,差异基因主要富集在光合作用途径,筛选到22个与光合途径相关的候选基因,在M中均呈下调趋势,可能引起光形态建成较慢,进而导致诱变株系M萌发率变低,研究结果可为解析大豆种子萌发的调控机制提供思路。Soybean seed germination determines the seedling establishment and developmental process.Rapid germination and high germination rate are essential for achieving high yield in soybean production.Based on observing seed coat micromorphology and detecting the main physiological indexes at the early stage of germination,it was aimed to screen differentially expressed genes by transcriptome analysis with Heinong 35 and its mutant line M at the exposure stage(24 h after imbibition)so as to further clarify the mechanism of soybean seed germination.Results showed that there were significant differences in water absorption and germination rate.M had longer hilum and thinner seed coat than Heinong 35 by scanning electron microscopy,which might be the main reason that M absorbed water fast in the early germination stage.During germination,the abscisic acid(ABA)content gradually decreased,while the soluble protein content first decreased and then increased,and the soluble sugar content presented the trend of increase-decrease-increase with"S"shape.By transcriptome analysis,1122 differentially expressed genes were screened,of which 478 were up-regulated and 644 were down-regulated.The differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the photosynthetic pathway.22 candidate genes related to the photosynthetic pathway were screened and down-regulated in M.It was deduced that these down-regulated genes in M might cause slower photomorphogenesis and then lead to lower germination rates.These results should be helpful for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of soybean seed germination.

关 键 词：大豆 种子萌发 种皮微形态 贮藏物质 差异表达基因 

分 类 号：S52[农业科学—作物学]