花生种子受低温胁迫后萌发幼苗生长及生理特性研究  

Seedling growth and physiological characteristics of peanut after cold stress on seeds

作　　者：刘燕 孔洁 袁洁 刘璇 黄明明 郭仁波 邹晓霞 LIU Yan;KONG Jie;YUAN Jie;LIU Xuan;HUANG Ming-ming;GUO Ren-Bo;ZOU Xiao-Xia(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University/Shandong Key Lab of Dry Farming Techniques,Qingdao 266109,China;Laboratory Mmanagement Center of Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院/山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学实验室管理中心,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第1期102-112,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-13-生态与土壤管理)。

摘　　要：花生收获期易受低温胁迫,为研究低温胁迫对不同成熟度花生种子萌发、幼苗生长和叶片生理特性的影响,以青花7号花生品种为材料,以十成熟(完熟)未受低温胁迫的种子为对照(CK),研究了九成熟2℃低温胁迫(T1)、九成熟-1℃低温胁迫(T2)、十成熟2℃低温胁迫(T3)和十成熟-1℃低温胁迫(T4)处理下种子萌发幼苗的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、干物质积累和内源激素含量变化。结果表明:与CK相比,低温处理的种子萌发后幼苗Fv/Fm受到抑制,且种子成熟度越低,受低温胁迫的影响越明显;出苗后10~18 d,T1和T2处理幼苗地上部干物质重均显著低于CK,各低温处理下幼苗地下部干物质重与CK均无明显差异,但在22~26 d均显著高于CK;各处理下GA3、ZR、IAA和ABA含量随幼苗生长的变化趋势一致,但各取样时期的内源激素含量因胁迫温度和成熟度不同表现出明显差异,在出苗后10 d,T1-T4处理下萌发幼苗的(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA比值较CK分别降低12.82%、25.64%、25.64%和38.46%,而出苗后26 d,较CK分别提升47.62%、42.11%、60%和46.34%;温度对GA3、ZR、ABA和(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA比值影响极显著,对Fv/Fm值影响显著,成熟度对GA3和ZR影响极显著;(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA比值与幼苗干物质积累呈较强正相关,与根冠比和Fv/Fm呈现负相关。基于本研究,建议在低温冷害多发区,花生应在充分成熟后收获,以避免低温胁迫造成种子质量下降和幼苗生长受限。Clarifing growth and physiological characteristics of peanut seedling germinated from seeds under low temperature was expected to provide reference for peanut production in regions susceptible to low temperature during harvest.Peanut variety Qinghua 7 was used.Seeds at 100%maturity without low temperature stress were used as control,seeds at 90%maturity with 2℃and-1℃low temperature stress were set as T1 and T2,respectively,seeds at 100%maturity with 2℃and-1℃low temperature stress were set as T3 and T4,respectively.The maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),dry matter accumulation and endogenous hormone content of peanut seedlings that germinated from different treated seeds were studied.Results showed that compared with control,seedlings Fv/Fm was inhibited when germinated from low temperature treatments.And the lower the seed maturity,the more obvious the effect of low temperature stress.At 10-18 d after emergence,the aboveground dry matter weight of seedlings under T1 and T2 was significantly lower than control,while the underground dry matter weight of seedlings in each low temperature treatment had no significant difference with control,but was significantly higher at 22-26 d after emergence.The hormone contents of GA3,ZR,IAA and ABA in each treatment showed the same trend with seedling growth,but the contents in each sampling period showed obvious differences under different stress temperature and maturity.At 10 d after emergence,the(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA ratios of T1-T4 were 12.82%,25.64%,25.64%and 38.46%lower than control respectively,but when 26 d after emergence,(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA ratios were 47.62%,42.11%,60%and 46.34%higher than control respectively.Temperature had extremely significant effects on GA3,ZR,ABA and(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA ratio,and had significant effects on Fv/Fm values.Maturity had extremely significant effects on GA3 and ZR.The(IAA+GA3+ZR)/ABA ratio was positively correlated with dry matter accumulation and was negatively correlated with root/shoot ratio and Fv/Fm.It is suggested that peanut

关 键 词：花生 低温胁迫 种子成熟度 干物质量 FV/FM 内源激素 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]