单粒精播对花生干物质累积及根冠结构的影响  

Effects of single-seed sowing on dry matter accumulation and root,canopy structure of peanut

作　　者：刘俊华 杨吉顺[1] 吴正锋[1] 郑永美[1] 杨丽玉 张佳蕾[3] 王建国[3] 赵玉成 解晓梅 王黎 万书波[3] LIU Jun-hua;YANG Ji-shun;WU Zheng-feng;ZHENG Yong-mei;YANG Li-yu;ZHANG Jia-lei;WANG Jian-guo;ZHAO Yu-cheng;XIE Xiao-mei;WANG Li;WAN Shu-bo(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Biology and Environment Engineer-ing,Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Henan Agriculture Technology Extension Station,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shikefeng Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Linyi 276007,China;Qingdao Agricultural Product Quality Safety Center,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]滨洲学院生物与环境工程学院,山东滨州256600 [3]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,山东济南250100 [4]河南省农业技术推广总站,河南郑州450002 [5]施可丰化工股份有限公司,山东临沂276007 [6]青岛市农产品质量安全中心,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第1期113-121,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000906);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022A21)。

摘　　要：为明确花生单粒精播增产机理,大田条件下,以花育22为供试花生品种,以双粒穴播(DS)为对照,研究了单粒精播(SS)对花生干物质积累、叶面积系数、冠层结构和根系特征的影响。结果表明,花生生育前期单株和群体干物质重单粒精播和双粒穴播差异不显著,而生育中后期显著高于双粒穴播,结荚期叶面积系数单粒精播显著高于双粒穴播。从结荚期不同冠层结构来看,冠层上、中、下层叶面积系数单粒精播分别比双粒穴播高23.03%、9.34%、86.43%,单株和群体冠层叶片和茎干重单粒精播均显著高于双粒穴播,从冠层不同部位叶片和茎干重占总干重的比例来看,单粒精播冠层下部叶片和茎干重比例高;单株和群体总根干重、根长、根表面积和根体积高于双粒穴播,且中下层根系占比高。相关性分析结果表明,根干重与中下层的叶片干重、下层的茎干重呈显著正相关。综上所述,与双粒播相比,单粒精播花生植株冠层中下部发育健壮且根系大分布深是其增产的重要原因。单粒精播促根扩冠,是花生节本增产的一种有效途径。In order to clarify the mechanism of yield increase of single seed precision sowing,two sowing types of single-seed sowing(SS)and double-seed sowing(DS,as control)were set with Huayu 22 under field conditions,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,canopy structure,and root characteristics of peanut at different growth stage were compared.The results showed that there was no significant difference in dry matter weight of single plant and population between SS and DS in the early growth stage of peanut,but SS was significantly higher than DS in the middle and late growth stage,and the leaf area index of SS was significantly higher than that of DS in the pod setting stage.As to different canopy structures at pod setting stage,the leaf area index of upper,middle and lower canopy layers of SS were 23.03%,9.34%and 86.43%higher than those of DS,respectively.The dry weight of leaf and stem per single plant and population canopy of SS was significantly higher than that of DS,in addition the proportion of dry weights of leaves and stems in the lower part of SS was higher.The total root dry weight,root length,root surface area and root volume per plant and population of SS were higher than those of DS,and the proportion of middle and lower layer roots were higher.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between root dry weight and leaf dry weight in the middle,lower layer,and stem dry weight in the lower layer.In conclusion,compared with double-seed sowing,the stronger development of the middle and lower parts of the canopy and the deeper root distribution of single seed precision sowing are the important reasons for its yield increase of peanut.It is an effective way to reduce cost and increase yield for peanut for promote root development and stronger canopy by single seed precision sowing.

关 键 词：花生 单粒精播 干物质积累 冠层 根系 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]