不同施氮水平对黑钙土花生碳氮代谢相关酶活性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rates on enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism,yield and quality of peanut in chernozem

作　　者：赵跃 吕永超[1] 陈小姝[1] 李美君 郭峰[2] 高华援[1] 张志民[1] 李春雨[1] ZHAO Yue;LYU Yong-chao;CHEN Xiao-shu;LI Mei-jun;GUO Feng;GAO Hua-yuan;ZHANG Zhi-min;LI Chun-yu(Peanut Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100,China;Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院花生研究所,吉林公主岭136100 [2]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第1期122-128,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程重大项目CXGC2021ZD004;财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：为探讨黑钙土花生适宜施氮量,本研究以吉花25为试验材料,共设置6个氮肥水平,分别为施用纯氮0、112.5(传统施肥,N1)、90(减氮20%)、79.5(减氮30%)、159(增氮40%)、225 kg/hm^(2)(增氮100%),研究了氮肥对花生碳氮代谢相关酶的活性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥会提高硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,但过量施用氮肥会抑制NR、GS、GDH、SS和SPS活性。各施氮处理产量均高于对照,在传统施肥的基础上减氮施肥20%(施氮量90 kg/hm^(2))时,花生产量最高,与对照相比增产9.21%,相较于传统施肥增产1.57%,说明减氮20%即可既满足花生生长发育的氮肥需求,同时又能保证叶片中碳氮代谢相关酶的活性,增强了花生对氮素的吸收与利用的能力,并通过降低单株秕果数和单株单果数,提高单株双果数、百果重和百仁重,最终提高花生产量。To determine the optimal nitrogen application rate for chernozak peanuts,Jihua 25 was selected as the experimental material and subjected to six different levels of nitrogen fertilizer.These levels included a control group with no added nitrogen(0 kg/hm^(2),CK),traditional fertilization at 112.5 kg/hm^(2)(N1),a 20%reduction in nitrogen at 90 kg/hm^(2)(N2),a 30%reduction in nitrogen at 79.5 kg/hm^(2)(N3),a 40%increase in nitrogen at 159 kg/hm^(2)(N4)and double the amount of applied nitrogen at 225 kg/hm^(2)(N5).The impact of varying application rates on enzyme activity,yield,and quality related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism were assessed.The results indicated that the use of optimal nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an increase in the activities of nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),sucrose synthetase(SS)and sucrose phosphate synthetase(SPS).Conversely,excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in a decrease in the activities of NR,GS,GDH,SS and SPS.The yield of each nitrogen application treatment exceeded that of the no-fertilizer control.Among all treatments,the peanut yield was highest when traditional fertilizer was applied with a 20%reduction in nitrogen(N2),resulting in a 9.21%increase compared to the control and a 1.57%increase compared to traditional fertilizer alone.These results indicated that N2 treatment could not only meet the nitrogen demand of peanut growth and development,but also ensure the activity of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves,enhance the ability of peanut to absorb and utilize nitrogen,and increase the number of double-kernel pods per plant,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight per plant,reduce the number of immatured pods and single-kernel pods per plant,increasing the number of double-kernel per plant,100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight,the peanut yield was finally increased.

关 键 词：花生 氮肥水平 产量 品质 碳氮代谢酶 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]