甘肃中部干旱地区油用亚麻氮磷钾土壤养分丰缺指标研究  

Research on the abundance-deficiency index of the soil N,P and K nutrients for oil flax in the middle arid area of Gansu

作　　者：李云祥 冯玉磊 常逢虎 卢军帅 胡福平 王兴富 刘谦 白斌 LI Yun-xiang;FENG Yu-lei;CHANG Feng-hu;LU Jun-shuai;HU Fu-ping;WANG Xing-fu;LIU Qian;BAI Bin(Pingchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Baiyin,Pingchuan 730913,China)

机构地区：[1]白银市平川区农业技术推广中心,甘肃平川730913

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第1期135-142,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家农业部测土配方施肥补贴项目资助。

摘　　要：通过连续5年在甘肃中部干旱地区开展油用亚麻氮磷钾土壤养分丰缺指标田间试验研究得出:当地油用亚麻相对产量<50%(极低)、[50%~60%)(低)、[60%~70%)(较低)、[70%~80%)(中)、[80%~90%)(较高)、≥90%(高)6个肥力等级下相对应的土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺指标为全氮<0.38、[0.38~0.53)、[0.53~0.75)、[0.75~1.05)、[1.05~1.48)、≥1.48 g·kg^(-1);有效磷(P)<4.6、[4.6~7.8)、[7.8~13.1)、[13.1~22.1)、[22.1~37.3)、≥37.3 mg·kg^(-1);速效钾(K)<91.0、[91.0~117.3)、[117.3~151.1)、[151.1~194.7)、[194.7~250.9)、≥250.9 mg·kg^(-1);并提出了各肥力等级对应的推荐施N量分别为>130、(115~130]、(105~115]、(95~105]、(75~95]、≤75 kg·hm^(-2);施P2O5量分别为>110、(95~110]、(80~95]、(65~80]、(50~65]、≤50 kg·hm^(-2);施K_(2)O量分别为>70、(60~70]、(50~60]、(40~50]、(35~40]、≤35 kg·hm^(-2)。长期土壤养分监测表明,自1983年至今,当地油用亚麻产区土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量均呈上升趋势,全氮含量略有下降,速效钾含量则下降明显。从试验所得丰缺指标亦看出,目前当地土壤氮、磷素养分含量仍处于较低水平,而钾素养分含量虽仍处于较高水平,但与以往相比却呈明显下降趋势,表明当地油用亚麻生产中既要重施氮肥,增施磷肥,还要适当补施钾肥。A field experiment was conducted over a period of five consecutive years to assess the abundance-deficiency index of soil nutrients for oil flax in the middle arid region of Gansu.The results indicated that for local oil flax,the abundance-deficiency index of N,P and K nutrients can be classified into six fertility levels based on relative yield:<50%(extremely low),[50%-60%)(low),[60%-70%)(lower),[70%-80%)(medium),[80%-90%)(higher),≥90%(high),The corresponding values for total N were<0.38,[0.38-0.53),[0.53-0.75),[0.75-1.05),[1.05-1.48),and≥1.48 g·kg^(-1)respectively;for available P were<4.6,[4.6-7.8),[7.8-13.1),[13.1-22.1),[22.1-37.3),and≥37.3 mg·kg^(-1)respectively;for available K were<91.0,[91.0-117.3),[117.3-151.1),[151.1-194.7),[194.7-250.9),and≥250.9 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.and to put forward in different fertility levels the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate were as follows:>130,(115-130],(105-115],(95-105],(75-95],and≤75 kg·hm^(-2);the corresponding phosphorus fertilizer recommendation rates were as follows:>110,(95-110],(80-95],(65-80],(50-65],and≤50 kg·hm^(-2);the corresponding potassium fertilizer recommendation rates were as follows:>70,(60-70],(50-60],(40-50],(35-40],and≤35 kg·hm^(-2).According to the long-term survey and monitoring of soil nutrients,since 1983,there has been an upward trend in soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P.a slight decrease in total N,and a significant decrease in available K in the local oil flax producing area.The abundance-deficiency indexes obtained from the experiment also indicate that currently,the content of local soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are still at low levels.However,although the local soil′s potassium nutrient content remains at a higher level,it exhibits a significant downward trend compared to the past.This indicates that in local oil flax production,more attention should not only be paid to increasing nitrogen fertilizer but also to increasing phosphate fertilizer and appropriately applying potassium

关 键 词：干旱地区 亚麻 土壤氮磷钾 丰缺指标 施肥指标 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]