农牧交错带村镇生活垃圾逆向物流模式的分异机制及空间优化  

Formation mechanism and optimization of the reverse logistics model of domestic waste in the farming-pastoral ecotone

作　　者：张健 周侃[1,2] ZHANG Jian;ZHOU Kan(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第2期299-320,共22页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0406);国家自然科学基金项目(41971164)。

摘　　要：生活垃圾逆向物流是村镇生活垃圾治理的关键纽带。揭示生活垃圾逆向物流模式的空间分异机制、构筑经济高效的生活垃圾逆向物流体系,对农牧交错带生态安全格局稳定、村镇人居环境品质提升具有重要意义。以青海省海东市为实证对象,构建1499个村镇居民点的多源异构数据集,多尺度刻画垃圾治理效能地域非均衡性,应用多项逻辑斯蒂回归模型定量解析垃圾逆向物流模式空间分异的影响因素,并基于改进潜能模型的设施空间可达性评价,提出逆向物流模式空间优化方案。结果显示:海东市生活垃圾呈“局部集聚、总体分散”分布,垃圾治理效能滞后于原住居民生活需求,由湟水谷地中心向周边农区村镇、牧民定居点呈水平递减;农牧交错带地理环境高寒性与村镇聚落分散性,是阻碍集中式物流模式配置的根本原因;常住人口规模小、社会经济发展状态较差的村镇居民点是集中式物流模式配置的薄弱区域;充足的基层管理人员数量和年轻化干部群体,有利于落实村分散物流模式管理要求;海东市村镇居民点垃圾处理设施空间可达性偏低,应以城镇集中式、乡镇传导式、农牧分散式3类路径为遵循,采用集中式与分散式物流并举的调适策略进行逆向物流模式全局优化。建议以物流成本最小化、垃圾治理零胁迫为导向,兼顾各级物流节点功能特性分类施策,发挥县域垃圾逆向物流软硬件设施统筹职能,激活乡镇垃圾协同治理效能,强化村庄源头分类与就地消纳功能,营造减量化、资源化、无害化的生活垃圾逆向物流体系。Reverse logistics of domestic waste is a critical link in the domestic waste treatment within villages and towns.Hence,revealing the formation mechanism of reverse logistics models and establishing a cost-effective reverse logistics system for domestic waste treatment plays a pivotal role in the stabilization of the ecological security and improvement of the living environment of urban residents,farmers,and herdsmen in the farming-pastoral ecotone.This study analyzed the disequilibrium of the level of waste treatment at multiple scales based on a multi-source heterogeneous dataset of 1499 village settlements,taking Haidong city as an example.Further,the determinants of the spatial variation of domestic waste reverse logistics models were clarified by using a multinomial logistic regression model.Lastly,the spatial optimization of the reverse logistics model was proposed based on the evaluation of the spatial accessibility of waste treatment facilities by the improved potential model.The results show that the level of domestic waste generation was relatively low in Haidong,with the distribution of domestic waste characterized by an overall pattern of"locally clustered,globally dispersed".The level of waste treatment was unable to meet the demand of residents,with a pattern of decrease from the urban areas of the valley of the Huangshui River to the surrounding farmers'settlements and remote herdsmen settlements.In addition,the alpine environment and the fragmentation of village settlements of the farming-pastoral ecotone were the underlying reasons that hindered the implementation of the centralized logistics model.Moreover,village settlements with a small resident population and poor socio-economic development usually belonged to disadvantaged regions for the implementation of the centralized logistics model.Besides,the increase in the number of grass-roots cadres and the decrease in the average age contributed to implementing the decentralized logistics model.At last,the overall spatial accessibility of waste tr

关 键 词：生活垃圾 逆向物流 空间分异 形成机制 农牧交错带 青海省海东市 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济] X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]