基于手机画像数据的南京内城日夜间社会空间分异  

Differentiation pattern and cross-scale comparison of daytime and nighttime social space in Nanjing inner city

作　　者：宋伟轩[1] 徐旳[2] 王捷凯 曹辉 黄琴诗 SONG Weixuan;XU Di;WANG Jiekai;CAO Hui;HUANG Qinshi(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]浙江科技大学土木与建筑工程学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第2期421-438,共18页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171234)。

摘　　要：城市内部人口高度流动性意味着城市社会空间结构在不同时间和不同场景下可能存在巨大差异,然而,国内外融合多时空尺度和多领域维度的城市社会空间贯通与比较研究尚处开端。基于大数据环境与AI模拟技术支持下的移动终端用户画像数据,探究南京内城社会群体日间活动和夜间居住的空间分异格局及其差异,并开展多维尺度的空间分异指数比较研究。研究发现:(1)南京内城日夜间社会群体空间分布的相似性为北京西路和北京东路沿线聚集着较大比例的中年富裕群体,城南城北分布有较高密度的本地老年群体,而差异性则主要体现在城市中心,日间聚集有大量白领中产阶层而夜间则混杂居住着不同社会群体;(2)城市人口的日常流动性并未降低居住空间分异,性别、职业和消费能力等多数社会经济属性指标在街道、社区和网格尺度上的空间分异程度表现为日间活动高于夜间居住;(3)社会空间分异的尺度效应显著,不止表现于分异指数随尺度下沉而增加,更在于较小尺度单元有可能揭示出更细微甚至差异性的社会空间分异现象,并可通过跨尺度比较直观呈现。最后提出融合多时空、多维度和跨领域的城市社会空间研究框架,以期深化拓展新时代背景下中国城市社会空间分异相关理论与实践探索。Residential differentiation is an essential component of socio-spatial differentiation,but only part of it,since there might be considerable differences in urban social space structure at different times and in a different context because of the high mobility of urban population.However,integrated and comparative research of urban social space that integrates multiple temporal and spatial scales as well as multi-domain dimensions at home and abroad is still in its infancy.Based on mobile terminal user portrait data supported by big data environment and AI simulation technology,this paper explores the spatial differentiation pattern of daytime activities(10:00-17:00)and night residence(21:00-06:00)of social groups in Nanjing inner city,and conducts a comparative study of multi-dimensional and multi-scale spatial differentiation indexes.The research finds that:(1)Both similarity and difference exist in the spatial distribution of day/night social groups.There is a large proportion of middle-aged rich groups along Beijing West Road and Beijing East Road,and a high density of local elderly residents in the north and south of the city.In the city center,there are a large number of whitecollar employees during the day and a mix of different social groups at night.(2)Different from the existing research findings in European and American countries,the daily mobility of urban population does not mitigate the socio-spatial differentiation.The spatial differentiation degree of most social attribute indicators,such as gender,occupation and consuming capacity on the street,community and grid scales,shows that daytime activities are higher than nighttime residence.(3)The scale effect of socio-spatial differentiation is significant,more specifically,not only the spatial differentiation index of smaller scale units is higher,but subtler even different socio-spatial differentiation can be revealed from smaller scale units,and this differentiation can be evidently presented by cross-scale comparison.As an exploratory attempt to th

关 键 词：社会空间 居住分异 多尺度 日间活动 夜间居住 南京内城 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] C912.81[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]