烟草黑胫病和青枯病抗药性检测  

Resistance detection of tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt

作　　者：李敏 靳彦峰 郑振兴 安泉成 陈雨轩 王杰[2] 周艳宾 LI Min;JIN Yanfeng;ZHENG Zhenxing;AN Quancheng;CHEN Yuxuan;WANG Jie;ZHOU Yanbin(China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co.,LTD.,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]河北中烟工业有限责任公司,河北石家庄050000 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2024年第1期111-118,共8页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：河北中烟工业有限责任公司重点科技项目(2023130000340017)。

摘　　要：【目的】长期连续施用化学农药防治烟草根茎病害导致病原菌产生不同程度的抗药性。为明确病原菌的抗药性水平,根据烟草K326品种黑胫病和青枯病发生和流行的关键要素筛选对其有高效低毒低残留杀菌剂,建立精准施药技术。【方法】采集广西壮族自治区主要烟区烟草黑胫病和青枯病病株,采用组织分离法分离得到黑胫病和青枯病的病原菌,通过生长速率法测得不同杀菌剂对病原菌的EC50,进而计算得到抗性指数。【结果】在广西烟区一共分离得到185株烟草黑胫病菌和79株烟草青枯病菌。其中,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂对烟草黑胫病菌的抑制效果最好,EC50仅为1.96μg/m L。而66.5%霜霉威盐酸盐水剂的抑制效果最差,EC50为8 863.03μg/m L。烟草黑胫病菌已对甲霜·锰锌、噁霉·稻瘟灵、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵和霜霉威产生了高度抗性。52%氯尿硫酸铜可溶性粉剂对烟草青枯病菌的抑制效果最好,EC50达到了97.55μg/m L。而20%噻菌铜悬浮剂的抑制效果最差,EC50达到了198.25μg/mL。90%以上烟草青枯病原菌对6种药剂均敏感,没有产生明显的抗药性。【结论】广西烟区烯酰吗啉和氟吗·乙铝在生产防治上仍可选用。对其余5种药剂来说,所有分离出的烟草黑胫病菌均为高抗菌株,抗性频率达到了100%,这5种药剂在广西烟区烟草黑胫病的防控中已经失效,没有实用价值。对于烟草青枯病菌来说,噻森铜、氯尿硫酸铜、中生菌素、噻唑锌、溴菌壬菌铜和噻菌铜都以敏感菌株为优势群体,占比94.94%。靖西2株表现出高抗性,富川2株表现出中抗性,仅占总菌株数的5.06%,上述6种药剂仍可用于百色和贺州主要烟区防治烟草青枯病。[Objective]Long-term and continuous application of chemical pesticides to control tobacco root and stem diseases resulted in different degrees of resistance of pathogenic bacteria.In order to clarify the level of resistance of pathogenic bacteria,the effective,low toxicity and low residue fungicides were screened for tobacco K326 black shank and bacterial wilt according to the key factors of their occurrence and prevalence,and the precision application technology was established.[Method]The pathogenic bacteria of black shank and bacterial wilt were isolated by the tissue separation method.EC50 of different fungicides against pathogenic bacteria was measured by the growth rate method,and then the resistance index was calculated.[Result]A total of 185 strains of tobacco black shank and 79 strains of tobacco bacterial wilt were isolated in Guangxi.Among them,50%dimethomorph wettable powder had the best inhibition effect on tobacco black shank,with EC50 only 1.96μg/mL.The inhibitory effect of 66.5%propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution was the worst,with EC508863.03μg/mL.The pathogen had developed high resistance to metalaxyl mancozeb,azoxystrobin,methyl,carbendazim and propamocarb hydrochloride.52%chloruria copper sulfate soluble powder had the best inhibitory effect on tobacco bacterial wilt,with EC50 reaching 97.55μg/mL.The inhibitory effect of 20%thiodiazole-copper suspension was the worst,with EC50 reaching 198.25μg/mL.More than 90%of the bacterial wilt were sensitive to the 6 agents and did not develop obvious resistance.[Conclusion]In Guangxi tobacco-growing area,dimethomorph and Flumorph+Fosetyl-aluminum can still be used in the production and control.For 5 other agents,all the isolates were highly resistant strains,and the resistance frequency reached 100%.These 5 agents have been ineffective in the prevention and control of tobacco black shank in Guangxi,and have no practical value.For tobacco bacterial wilt,the sensitive strains of thiasene copper,chloruria copper sulfate,mesocin,Zn thiazole,copper

关 键 词：广西烟区 烟草黑胫病 烟草青枯病 抗药性 

分 类 号：S481.4[农业科学—农药学]