自然保护区野生兰科植物多样性与保护对策——以高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江片区为例  

Diversity and Protection Strategy of Wild Orchids in National Nature Reserve——A Case Study of Nujiang Area of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve

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作  者:苏建永 郭志红 郭龙洁 Su Jianyong;Guo Zhihong;Guo Longjie(Nujiang Management Bureau,Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,Lushui 673200,Yunnan,China;Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650233,Yunnan,China)

机构地区:[1]高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江管护局,云南泸水673200 [2]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,云南昆明650233

出  处:《绿色科技》2024年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基  金:云南省野生动植物保护项目(编号:2022GF258Z-14)。

摘  要:高黎贡山国家级自然保护区是东亚植物区系的摇篮,野生兰科植物种类丰富。通过对高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江片区野生兰科植物生物多样性现状分析,探讨了该区域兰科植物的保护策略。结果显示:高黎贡山国家级自然保护怒江片共发现兰科植物78属288种,其中贡山片区最多(235种),其次为泸水(83种)和福贡(78种)。兰科植物物种数量随海拔升高呈先增加后减少趋势,海拔1600~2000 m兰科植物最为丰富。该区域兰科植物以地生型为主(152种),其次是附生型(127种)、腐生型(7种)和附生/地生型(2种)。怒江片区兰科植物属分布区类型显示出明显的热带性质。此外,国家重点保护野生兰科植物丰富,包括3种国家I级和40种Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物。为此,提出了高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江片区的兰科植物需要从就地保护、迁地保护与种群回归、科普宣传与普法、建立健全法规等方面来提高野生兰科植物保护效率,为自然保护区野生兰科植物科学保护和可持续发展提供参考。Wild orchids were very abundant taxa in the Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve as the cradle of East Asian flora.This paper analyzed the biodiversity of wild orchids in Nujiang area of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,and the conservation strategy of wild orchids.The results showed that 288 species of orchids belonging to 78 genera were found in the Nujiang region of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve,of which 235 species were found in Gongshan area,followed by Lushui area(83 species) and Fugong area(78 species).Species richness of orchids increased firstly and then decreased with increasing altitude,and species richness of orchids was the most abundant at altitude ranging from 1600m to 2000m.The main orchids were geophytic type(152 species),epiphytic type(127 species),saprophytic type(7 species) and epiphytic/geophytic type(2 species).The flora of orchids showed obvious tropical characteristics.In addition,the national key protection of wild orchids was rich,including 3 species of national I protection and 40 species of national Ⅱ protection of wild plants.Finally,the protection efficiency of wild orchids in Nujiang area of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve could be improved from the aspects of in place protection,site protection and population return,popularization of science popularization and law,establishment and improvement of regulations and supervision and punishment,etc.This paper provides a reference for the scientific protection and sustainable development of wild orchids in nature reserve management.

关 键 词:植物区系 生活型 保护植物 海拔 生物多样性保护 

分 类 号:Q948[生物学—植物学]

 

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