藜麦的饲用价值及对育成牛生长性能与经济效益的影响  

Feeding value of quinoa and its effect on growth performance and economic benefits of growing cattle

作　　者：梁嘉琪 刘瑞香 郭占斌 LIANG Jiaqi;LIU Ruixiang;GUO Zhanbin(Desert Management College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010029,China;key Laboratory of Protection and Cultivation of Sandy Biological Resources.State Forestry Administration,HohhotInner Mongolia 010029,China;Inner Mongolia Yiji Biotechnology Co..Ltd..Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Mengnong Quinoa Industry Research Institute,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010029 [2]沙地生物资源保护与培育国家林业局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010029 [3]内蒙古益稷生物科技有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古蒙农藜麦产业研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第5期143-148,共6页China Feed

基　　金：呼和浩特市应用技术研究与开发资金项目“丰产、抗倒伏、中晚熟藜麦新品种选育”(2022-农-5);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目;藜麦新品种旱作栽培及深加工产业化示范(2022ZY0138);内蒙古自治区燕麦藜麦产业技术创新推广体系;呼和浩特市应用技术研究与开发资金项目;藜麦加工特性改良育种(2023-农-1)。

摘　　要：本文旨在研究藜麦的饲用价值及其对肉牛的生长性能和经济效益的影响。试验一:选择藜麦品种(系WQ1409、WQ1545、WQ1664、WQ1708、WQ1721、WQ1860作为试验材料,于开花后期采集藜麦全株,测定其干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量,使用相对饲喂价值(RFV)和粗饲料分级指数(GI)对饲草品质进行评价。结果表明:6个藜麦品种(系)干物质含量为25.34%~32.75%,粗蛋白质含量为16.18%~21.67%,中性洗涤纤维含量为47.23%~50.95%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为34.08%~37.44%。RFV与GI饲草等级划分总体趋势相同,6个藜麦品种(系)皆为2级饲草及以上。试验二:选择体重相近的20头7月龄育成牛和20头10月龄育成牛,饲喂藜麦全株22 kg。试验期60 d,其他饲养方式不变。结果表明:试验1、2组的育成牛平均体高较对照1、2组分别提高了1.29、1.4 cm(P <0.05)。试验1、2组的育成牛平均体重较对照组1、2分别提高了8.59、11.69 kg(P <0.05)。综上所述,藜麦全株的饲用价值较高,适宜作为草食动物的粗饲料来源,日粮中添加藜麦可以有效改善育成牛的生长性能,并增加一定的经济效益。The purpose of this paper was to study the feeding value of quinoa and its effect on growth performance and economic benefits of beef cattle.Experiment 1:Quinoa varieties(lines)WQ1409,WQ1545,WQ1664,WQ1708,WQ1721 and WQ1860 were selected as experimental materials.The whole plant of quinoa was collected at the late flowering stage,and its dry matter,crude protein and acid detergent fiber content were measured.The relative feeding value(RFV)and roughage grading index(GI)were used to evaluate the forage quality.The results showed that the dry matter content of six quinoa varieties(lines)ranged from 25.34%~32.75%,the crude protein content ranged from 16.18%~21.67%,the neutral detergent fiber content ranged from 47.23%~50.95%,and the acid detergent fiber content ranged from 34.08%~37.44%.The overall trend of RFV and roughage GI was the same,and the six quinoa varieties(lines)were grade 2 and above.Experiment 2:Twenty 7-month-old cattle and 2010-month-old cattle with similar body weight were selected and fed with 22 kg quinoa.The test period was 60 days,and other feeding methods remained unchanged.The results showed that the average body height of the growing cattle in the experimental groups 1 and 2 was increased by 1.29 cm and 1.4 cm,respectively,compared with the control groups 1 and 2(P<0.05).Compared with the control group 1 and 2,the average body weight of the breeding cattle in the experimental group 1 and 2 increased by 8.59 kg and 11.69 kg,respectively(P<0.05).In summary,the whole plant of quinoa had high feeding value and was suitable as a roughage source for herbivores.Adding quinoa to the diet could effectively improve the growth performance of growing cattle and increase certain economic benefits.

关 键 词：藜麦 饲用价值 育成牛 生长性能 经济效益 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]