Ⅲ型扣件弹条静力学和动力学性能分析  

Static and Dynamics Performance Analysis of TypeⅢClip in Metro Fastener

作　　者：陈金明 杨秀龙 孙涛 杨德坚 Chen Jinming;Yang Xiulong;Sun Tao;Yang Dejian(Guangzhou Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Guangzhou 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]广州计量检测技术研究院,广州510663

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2024年第2期47-50,115,共5页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2021MK130)。

摘　　要：扣件系统是用于固定轨道系统中钢轨和轨下结构的组件,弹条是扣件组件中的重要零部件。弹簧钢材料通过特定加工工艺制成弹条,弹条安装使用时通过自身结构上的弯曲和扭曲变形产生的扣压力,将钢轨紧紧扣压在轨枕之上,能够保证钢轨之间正常的轨距和轨道的平顺性,同时弹条能够减弱车辆行驶产生的冲击能量,达到减振的作用。对地铁用Ⅲ型扣件弹条的静力学和动力学参数对其力学性能的影响展开研究,通过金属材料拉伸方法测得牌号为60Si2Mn弹簧钢的基本物理参数,建立弹条有限元模型,计算在正常安装情况下的弹条结构的受力分布情况,结果表明地铁用Ⅲ型扣件弹条所受的最大应力出现在后拱小圆弧内侧,这与实际测试结果比较吻合。根据弹条静态时应力分布情况,分析了弹条发生振动时在自由和受约束两种不同状态下与外界环境发生共振的特点,分析结果表明弹条在受约束情况下发生共振的频率会比自由状态时提高,以所建立的弹跳模型为例,共振频率出现在461、829、1 260和1 620 Hz附近。因此在外界因素影响程度加深时,轮轨作用产生的高频振动可能引起弹条发生剧烈共振,从而诱发弹条过早发生断裂,降低其使用寿命。The fastener system is an important component for fixing the rails and sub-structures in the rail system,and the clip is an important part of the fastener system.The clip is made of spring steel through specific processing technology.During the installation and use of the clip,the clamping force generated by the bending and twisting deformation of its own structure tightly presses the steel rail onto the sleeper,ensuring normal gauge and smoothness between the rails,at the same time,the clip can weaken the impact energy generated by vehicle movement,achieving the effect of vibration reduction.The influence of static and dynamic parameters on the mechanical properties of typeⅢfastener clip used in subways has been studied.The stretching method of metal materials is used to measure the basic physical parameters of 60Si2Mn spring steel,a finite element model of the clip is established,and the force distribution of the clip structure under normal installation is calculated.The results indicate that the maximum stress on the typeⅢfastener clip used in the subway occurs on the inner side of the small arc of the rear arch,which is consistent with actual testing.At the same time,the vibration characteristics of the strip in the free and restrained state at each order of the intrinsic frequency and each order of the intrinsic frequency are analyzed.The analysis results reflect that the resonance frequency of the bar in the constrained condition will be higher than that in the free state,for example,in the established model,the intrinsic frequency occurs in the vicinity of 461 Hz,829 Hz,1260 Hz and 1620 Hz.In the case of deepening the influence of external factors,the high-frequency vibration generated by the wheel-rail action may cause violent resonance of the clip,thus inducing premature fracture of the clip and reduce its service life.

关 键 词：扣件系统 Ⅲ型弹条 弹塑性 固有频率 

分 类 号：U213.53[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]