基于有限元方法分析青少年颈前屈的生物力学特征  

Biomechanical characteristics of adolescent cervical forward flexion analyses based on the finite element method

作　　者：王晓暄 张峭霖 刘璐瑶 张鹏 方琛 项丽青 裘琴儿[1] WANG Xiaoxuan;ZHANG Qiaolin;LIU Luyao;ZHANG Peng;FANG Yichen;XIANG Liqing;QIU Qin’er(Faculty of Sports Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Faculty of Engineering,University of Szeged,6724 Szeged,Hungary)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]塞格德大学工程学院,匈牙利塞格德6724

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（理工版）》2024年第2期114-120,共7页Journal of Ningbo University：Natural Science and Engineering Edition

基　　金：宁波市启呈体育文化发展有限公司研究项目(HS2019000006).

摘　　要：招募一位健康青少年志愿者为建模对象,利用64排螺旋CT进行颈椎连续性断层扫描,扫描区域设定为C1~T3椎体节段.使用软件实施逆向建模,通过模拟建立C1~T3节段三维有限元模型,分析该模型在前屈工况下的应力,并对其进行有效性验证,分析模型的生物力学特征.建立正常颈椎模型及颈前屈有限元模型,验证正常颈椎模型及颈前屈模型的活动范围、椎体及椎间盘的应力,结果和既往颈椎生物力学模型测试基本一致,表明该方法所建立的模型可靠,同时也通过有效性验证,表明模型具备良好的生物力学性能.此外还构建了全颈椎和T1~T3的胸椎模型,探究颈前屈姿态下颈椎的生物力学现象.研究发现不良的颈部姿态会导致椎体出现更明显的应力集中现象,增大椎体的峰值压力,并同时增强了对椎间盘的压迫,导致颈部疼痛风险及颈部发育不良的风险加大,因此要避免青少年颈椎的过度前屈.A healthy volunteer was recruited as the modelling subject,and cervical spine continuity tomography was performed using a 64-row helical CT with the scanning area set to the C1-T3 vertebral segments.The software was used to implement inverse modelling.A three-dimensional finite element model of the C1-T3 segment was established through simulation to analyze the stresses in this model under forward flexion conditions.It was aimed to verify the validity and the biomechanical characteristics of the model.A normal cervical spine model and a cervical forward flexion finite element model were established.The range of motion,vertebral body and intervertebral disc stress of the normal cervical spine model and the cervical forward flexion model were modified to be consistent with the results of previous cervical spine biomechanical model tests.Therefore,the models established in the method were reliable,due to the validation and good biomechanical properties.In this study,a full cervical and T1-T3 thoracic spine model was developed to investigate the biomechanical phenomena of the cervical spine in the forward neck flexion posture.It was found that poor neck posture led to more pronounced stress concentration phenomena in the vertebral body,along with increased peak pressure on the vertebral body and the compression on the intervertebral discs.These changes resulted in an increased risk of neck pain risk and cervical dysplasia.The results indicated that excessive forward flexion of the cervical spine in adolescents should be avoided.

关 键 词：颈前屈 全颈椎 颈椎生物力学 应力分布 有限元方法 

分 类 号：R445.2[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学]