棉花根际真菌中拮抗菌的筛选鉴定  

Screening and identification of antagonistic bacteria in cotton rhizosphere fungi

作　　者：于欣茹 YU Xinru(Fuyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuyang 236065,China)

机构地区：[1]阜阳市农业科学院,安徽阜阳236065

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第4期13-17,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为了筛选各品种棉花根际土壤中的拮抗真菌,探索其拮抗机制,以及测定其对棉花种子的安全性。本试验利用稀释平板法,从6个陆地棉品种(中棉所08、中棉所41、中植棉2、冀棉11、鲁棉研28和鲁棉研21)的根际土壤中分离出真菌;用拮抗培养的方法筛选出对赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)F0609和大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)V1070有拮抗作用的真菌;用扫描电镜观察其抑制作用;用浸染法进行种子发芽试验。结果表明,从棉花根际土壤中分离出64株对赤霉病菌F0609具有抑制作用的真菌;筛选10株进行18S rDNA测序,挑选4株与大丽轮枝菌V1070对峙培养,其中黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)An1对V1070的平均抑菌率达91%,棘孢木霉Tr1(Trichoderma asperellum)抑菌率为87%,高山被孢霉Mo1(Mortierella alpina)抑菌率为76%,层出镰孢霉Fu1(Fusarium laminum sp.)抑制率为70%;拮抗真菌黑曲霉An1能使大丽轮枝菌V1070菌丝破裂,产孢增多;黑曲霉An1对棉花种子发芽率和鲜重积累无明显影响。经筛选鉴定了10株赤霉病菌F0609的拮抗真菌,其中4株对大丽轮枝菌V1070拮抗作用较好,其中An1能使大丽轮枝菌菌丝破裂,且对棉花种子安全性无影响。In order to screen the antagonistic fungi in the rhizosphere soil of various cotton varieties,their antagonistic mechanisms had been explored,and their safety against cotton seeds had been detemined.This test used the dilution plate method,fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of six upland cotton varieties(Zhongmiansuo 08,Zhongmiansuo 41,Zhongzhimian 2,Jimian 11,Lumianyan 28,and Lumianyan 21).Used the method of antagonistic culture,fungi with antagonistic effects against Fusarium graminearum F0609 and Verticillium dahliae V1070 were screened.Observe the inhibitory effect using scanning electron microscopy.Conduct seed germination experiments using the immersion method.The results showed that,64 inhibitory fungi against F0609 were isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil;10 strains were screened for 18S rDNA sequencing,and 4 strains were selected for culture against V1070.Among them,Aspergillus niger An1 had an average inhibitory rate of 91%against V1070,Trichoderma asperellum Tr1 was 87%,Mortierella alpina Mo1 was 76%,and Fusarium laminum Fu1 had an inhibitory rate of 70%;Antagonistic fungal An1 could rupture V1070 and increased sporulation;An1 had no significant obvious effect on the germination rate and fresh weight accumulation in cotton seeds.That was 10 strains of antagonistic fungi against F0609 were identified through screening,among which 4 strains had a good antagonistic effect on V1070,and it had no effect on the safety of cotton seeds.

关 键 词：根际真菌 大丽轮枝菌 赤霉病菌 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S562[农业科学—植物保护]