PEMFC电堆快速成型建模和优化  

Modeling and Optimization for PEMFC Stack Rapid-prototyping

作　　者：刘绍俊 田思思[1,2] 刘郭存 隋邦傑 LIU Shaojun;TIAN Sisi;LIU Guocun;SUI Bangjie(Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Foshan Branch of Guangdong Laboratory for Advanced Energy Science and Technology,Foshan 528000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学燃料电池湖北省重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]先进能源科学与技术广东省实验室佛山分中心,佛山528000

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2024年第2期368-377,共10页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(No.2017YFB0102702);武汉理工大学自主创新研究基金(No.2021-JL-006)。

摘　　要：质子交换膜燃料电池电堆中水热管理策略与电堆结构与大小息息相关,开发过程必须引进电脑辅助设计模拟工具,本文基于COMSOL软件开发了快速成型电堆二维模型,模型中考虑膜电极的零部件、双极板及冷却水槽道中的气、水、热、电的相互影响,在模型中加入阴极进气和排气歧管,真实地模拟了整个电堆的气体流动分布。该模型中几何尺寸及单电池数量经过参数化,能依据设计要求快速建模并进行仿真,在进行更详细三维模拟仿真之前,为电堆设计提供初步设计方案。本文以一个10个单电池串联的二维燃料电池堆模型为例,求解了气体流道,多孔介质、电极耦合表面和固体流体传热的一整套质量、动量、组分和温度守恒方程。针对U型进气方式,分析了电池堆氧气速度、质量分数和电极耦合表面电流密度分布特点。基于该电堆模型,研究了电压,质子交换膜电导率,空气进气流速等参数对电堆水气分布的影响。模拟结果发现高电压工作,较大的质子交换膜电导率,较大的进气流速均会提高电堆性能。通过优化现有模型结构,实现了电池堆水气更均匀地分布,为燃料电池堆的进一步设计提供参考。The water and thermal management strategies in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack are closely related to the structure and size of the stack.Computer-aided design simulation tools can be included in the development process.A two-dimensional model of the rapid prototyping stack based on COMSOL software is developed in the present study.In the model,the components of the entire are considered.The interactions among the transport processes of air,water,heat,and electricity within the membrane electrode assembly,bipolar plates,and cooling water channels are computed.A pair of inlet and outlet headers are added to the model to realistically simulate the gas flow distribution of the entire stack.The geometric dimensions and the number of unit cells in the model are parameterized,which can be quickly modeled and simulated according to the design requirements.A preliminary design scheme for the stack can be provided before more detailed 3D simulations are carried out.A 2D fuel cell stack model with 10 unit cells connected in series is presented as an example.This model solves a complete set of mass,momentum,composition,and temperature conservation equations for heat transfer in gas flow channels,porous media,electrode coupling surfaces,and solid fluids.With the U-shaped configuration,the oxygen velocity,mass fraction and current density distribution characteristics of the electrode coupling surface of the battery stack are analyzed.Based on the stack model,the effects of parameters such as voltage,PEM conductivity,and air intake velocity on the stack moisture distribution are studied.The simulation results show that high voltage operation,larger conductivity of the proton exchange membrane,and larger air flow rate will improve the stack performance.By optimizing the existing model structure,a more uniform distribution of water and gas in the stack is obtained,providing a reference for the further fuel cell stack design.

关 键 词：燃料电池堆 COMSOL 参数研究 结构优化 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]