用于电化学执行器的非金属电极材料研究进展  

Research progress of non-metallic electrode materials for electrochemical actuators

作　　者：汪莎莎 李延昂 邓慧婵 郭志翔 阚玉和[2] 曹洪涛 解令海[1] Shasha Wang;Yan’ang Li;Huichan Deng;Zhixiang Guo;Yuhe Kan;Hongtao Cao;Linghai Xie(State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM),Nanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai’an 223300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学信息材料与纳米技术研究院,有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室,南京210023 [2]淮阴师范学院化学化工学院,淮安223300

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第4期578-595,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：南京邮电大学自然科学基金(NY222157,NY221085);有机电子与信息显示国家重点实验室(GZR2022010008);江苏省低维材料化学重点实验室2021年开放课题(JSKC20022);中国博士后科学基金(2022M711684);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究(22KJB430036);国家留学基金(202008320051)资助。

摘　　要：电化学执行器能够有效地将电能或化学能转化为机械能,在人造肌肉、仿生机器人和小型化医疗设备等领域中具有极大的应用前景.电化学执行器的组成包括电极层和电解质层,其中电极层主要决定执行器驱动性能和电化学性能.传统电化学执行器的电极材料主要由导电性好、驱动应力大的金属材料构成.然而,金属电极存在柔性低、循环稳定性差等问题,使得越来越多的研究人员开始关注非金属电极材料.本文重点介绍了用于电化学执行器的非金属电极材料的最新研究进展,首先介绍了电化学执行器的器件结构及驱动原理,其次根据电化学执行器电极材料的不同,分别从导电聚合物、碳材料、新型二维材料及其复合材料等方面进行了综述,讨论了各种非金属电极材料应用于执行器中的优缺点,最后对未来电化学执行器及其电极材料的发展趋势进行了展望.Electrochemical actuators have the remarkable ability to efficiently convert electrical or chemical energy into mechanicalwork. This capability has captured the attention of researchers in the fields of artificial muscles, bionic robotics, andminiaturized medical devices. A standard electrochemical actuator typically comprises electrode and electrolyte layers.The electrode layers play a pivotal role in determining the actuator’s driving capability and electrochemical performance.Traditionally, metal materials were used for these electrodes, but they exhibited limited flexibility and poor cycle stability.Consequently, an increasing number of researchers are now exploring non-metallic electrode materials as a promisingalternative.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in non-metallic electrode materials forelectrochemical actuators. To begin, we introduce the device structures and operational principles of electrochemicalactuators. When compared with other types of flexible actuators, including thermal, optical, and pneumatic actuators,electrochemical actuators offer distinct advantages such as lightweight construction, low voltage requirements, exceptionalcontrollability, rapid response times, and extended durability.Subsequently, we delve into an examination of various electrode materials, encompassing conductive polymers, carbonbased materials, novel two-dimensional substances, and their composite counterparts. We thoroughly evaluate theadvantages and disadvantages associated with non-metallic electrode materials deployed in these actuators.Conductive polymer materials are distinguished by their high ionic activity, expansive strain range, and excellent filmforming characteristics. However, they tend to exhibit relatively lower electrical conductivity, diminished strength, andreduced stiffness. In contrast, carbon materials offer superior electrical conductivity, cycle stability, and robust mechanicalproperties. Nonetheless, they possess a weaker ion storage capacity and can be mor

关 键 词：电化学执行器 导电聚合物材料 碳材料 新型二维材料 复合材料 

分 类 号：O646.54[理学—物理化学] TB34[理学—化学]