多稳态力学超构材料研究进展  

Research progress of multi-stable mechanical metamaterials

作　　者：徐锐 何玉龙 孙嘉鹏 李鑫 卢明辉[1] 陈延峰[1] Xu Rui;He Yulong;Sun Jiapeng;Li Xin;Lu Minghui;Chen Yanfeng(College of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学现代工程与应用科学学院,江苏南京210093 [2]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [3]太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《南京理工大学学报》2024年第1期1-25,共25页Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12172164);国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0306200,2021YFB3801800);国家创新研究群体科学基金(51721001)。

摘　　要：通过人工设计的微结构,力学超构材料能实现天然材料不具备的超常力学性能,如负泊松比、负热膨胀、多稳态、可调刚度等等。其中,多稳态力学超构材料因具有可重复使用、能量存储与吸收、快速变形和放大输出力等优异性能,激发了研究人员的兴趣。多稳态力学超构材料通常是利用双稳态结构单元的串联和/或并联实现的,在外界载荷作用下展示出多个稳定构型且可以互逆切换,具有广阔的应用前景。该文综述了多稳态力学超构材料主要设计策略及最新的研究进展,阐述了双稳态的概念、稳态转换势垒及相应的力学响应特性,分析了双稳态单元的设计原则;根据研究对象的不同,对双稳态单元及其多稳态超构材料研究进展进行了分析;讨论了多稳态构成的力学超构材料在能量吸收、软驱动、机械计算和波调控等领域的应用前景。最后,对多稳态力学超构材料的研究进行了总结,并对未来可能遇到的挑战和机遇进行了展望。Mechanical metamaterials can achieve extraordinary mechanical properties that natural materials do not have through artificially designed microstructures,such as negative Poisson’s ratio,negative thermal expansion,multistability,tunable stiffness,etc.Among them,multi-stable mechanical metamaterials have attracted researchers’interest due to their excellent properties such as reusability,energy storage and absorption,rapid deformation and amplification of output force.Multi-stable mechanical metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel connection of bistable structural units.They exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched inversely,which has broad application prospects.This paper reviews the main design strategies and the latest research progress of multi-stable mechanical metamaterials.And then,the concept of bistability,the energy barrier of steady-state conversion and the mechanical response characteristics are further elaborated.The research progress of bistable units and their multi-stable metamaterials is analyzed according to the different research objects.In addition,the prospects of multi-stable mechanical metamaterials for applications in energy absorption,soft driving,mechanical computing and wave control are discussed.Finally,the research on multi-stable mechanical metamaterials is summarized,and the potential challenges and opportunities in the future are prospected.

关 键 词：多稳态 能量吸收 软体机器人 机械计算 波调控 

分 类 号：O34[理学—固体力学]