社会企业:公益慈善创新与残疾人就业新机制  

Social Enterprises:Public Welfare and Charity Innovation and a New Employment Mechanism for Persons with Disabilities

作　　者：李志伟 张志敏[3] 薛婧一[3] 葛忠明 LI Zhiwei;ZHANG Zhimin;XUE Jingyi;GE Zhongming

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学法学院社会工作与社会管理教研室,济南250199 [2]山东大学国家治理研究院,济南250100 [3]山东大学残疾人事业发展研究中心,济南250100

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2024年第1期33-44,共12页Disability Research

摘　　要：残疾人就业是残疾人体现个体价值、实现社会融合的重要途径,更是中国式现代化进程中残疾人事业全面发展的重要一环。残疾人“生理—身体性”缺陷、“社会—结构性”障碍、人工智能机器人大规模挤占工作机会日趋明显等诸多因素的叠加,使残疾人就业形势愈加严峻,现有的残疾人就业服务体系无法达到既定政策目标。社会企业作为公益慈善的创新之举,赋予了残疾人就业尤其是集中就业新的活力,是残疾人就业的新机制。文章着重分析了社会企业在残疾人就业中的角色定位、实践逻辑以及培育路径。社会企业作为残疾人就业的新机制,扮演着“残疾人集中就业创新场所”的角色,既能实现残疾人规模化就业,也可提升残疾人就业质量。以官办慈善基金会为主导的残疾人就业社会企业,可以实现公共利益最大化为根本目标,通过提供“体面”就业岗位促进残疾人就业。文章最后讨论了国家力量、官办基金会、残疾人自组织、社会大众等多元主体协作的残疾人就业社会企业培育路径。The employment of persons with disabilities is an important way to realize their individual value and social integration,and it is also an important part of the comprehensive development of the cause of persons with disabilities in the process of Chinese modernization.Quite a lot of factors,such as physiological and physical impairments,social and structural barriers,and increasingly less opportunities of employment due to the use of artificial intelligence robots,have made the employment environment for persons with disabilities more severe.The existing employment service system for them cannot meet the established policy goals.This study proposes that social enterprises,as an innovative act of charity,have given new vitality to the employment of persons with disabilities,especially in the form of collective employment,which helps to generate a new mechanism for the employment of persons with disabilities.At the perspective of philanthropy innovation,the study proposes the concept of social enterprises as a new mechanism for the employment of persons with disabilities,and analyzes its role playing,practical logic and cultivation path.This paper argues that as a new mechanism to promote the employment of persons with disabilities,social enterprises play the role of“a collective employment innovation place for persons with disabilities”which can not only realize the large-scale employment,but also improve the quality of employment.The social enterprise for the employment of persons with disabilities should be led by the government-run charitable foundation,with the fundamental goal of maximizing the public interest,and promote the employment of persons with disabilities by providing“decent”jobs.Finally,this paper discusses the cultivation path of social enterprises for the employment of persons with disabilities through the cooperation of multiple subjects such as national forces,government-run foundations,self-organizations of persons with disabilities,and the public.

关 键 词：社会企业 公益慈善创新 残疾人就业 

分 类 号：C913.69[经济管理]