残疾人按比例就业制度的国际比较观察与本土优化路径  

Proportional Employment System for Persons with Disabilities:International Comparative Observation and Improved Paths in China

作　　者：王健 WANG Jian

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,长沙410012 [2]中南大学人权研究中心,长沙410012

出　　处：《残疾人研究》2024年第1期87-96,共10页Disability Research

基　　金：湖南省教育厅青年项目“共同富裕下全民基本收入的法理探析与制度构建研究”(22B0003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：残疾人按比例就业制度在我国实施30余年,其在促进残疾人就业方面效果不彰,主要由于制度总体较为简单粗糙且法密度低、社会对残疾人的认知以医疗模式为主、雇主注重雇佣轻度残疾者以完成雇佣比例、公共部门没有起到应有的表率作用、残疾人就业保障金存在一定的排挤效应。为此,可以从受益对象、义务主体、雇佣比例以及制裁和激励措施等细部规则考察比较域外国家的相关经验,以探寻残疾人按比例就业制度中的常见问题和解决这些问题的替代方法。在此基础上,可以从提升立法的操作性和共识性、确保残疾人权利主体地位、促进重度残疾人融合就业、强化公共部门责任、推动残疾人就业保障金的弹性化征收与使用等方面优化我国残疾人按比例就业制度。The proportional employment system for persons with disabilities in China has been implemented for over 30 years,but its effectiveness is unsatisfactory,which may be due to five major reasons:the overall system is relatively simple and rough with low legal density;the social percep⁃tion of persons with disabilities is mainly based on the medical model;the employers focus on hiring persons with mild disabilities to reach the required proportion of employment of persons with dis⁃abilities in total employment;the public sector has not played its leading role;certain exclusion ef⁃fects exist in the use of employment security funds for persons with disabilities.So it is recom⁃mended to examine and compare detailed rules regarding beneficiaries,obligated parties,employ⁃ment proportions,sanctions and incentives in various foreign countries,to gain excellent experi⁃ences to explore common problems in the implementation of the proportional employment system for persons with disabilities in China and to find alternative solutions.In addition,the proportional em⁃ployment system for persons with disabilities in China can be optimized by increasing the operabil⁃ity and consensus of legislation,ensuring the status of the subject of right of persons with disabili⁃ties,promoting the inclusive employment of persons with severe disabilities,strengthening responsi⁃bilities of the public sector,and promoting the flexible collection and use of employment security funds for persons with disabilities.

关 键 词：残疾人 按比例就业 就业保障金 人权模式 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]