农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响研究  

The study on the impacts of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency

作　　者：杜美玲 祝宏辉[1,2] 尹小君[3] DU Mei-ling;ZHU Hong-hui;YIN Xiao-jun(School of Economics and Management,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Research Center for Rural Revitalization,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;School of Information Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学经济与管理学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学乡村振兴研究中心,新疆石河子832000 [3]石河子大学信息科学与技术学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第6期1082-1092,共11页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：兵团社科基金项目(21YB05);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0500)。

摘　　要：在当前资源约束紧缺、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的背景下,探究农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响,对全面推进乡村振兴、加强生态文明建设具有重要意义。基于2000—2020年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)面板数据,本文利用固定效应与门槛效应模型分析农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:农业机械化在一定程度上提高了农业生态效率,并且农作物种植结构“趋粮化”和农村劳动力转移强化了农业机械化对农业生态效率的正向作用。进一步研究发现,农业机械化对农业生态效率的影响存在农地规模经营的门槛效应,即随着农地规模经营的扩大,农业机械化对农业生态效率呈现边际效应“先递增后递减”的规律。通过完善农机补贴政策,优化农作物种植结构、引导农村剩余劳动力转移、推进农地适度规模经营、加快农机配套体系建设等措施,将有助于提升农业生态效率。Under the background of current resource shortage,environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation,it is of great significance to explore the impacts of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and strengthening ecological civilization construction.Based on a panel data of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and cities)in China from 2000 to 2020,this paper analyzed the impacts of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency and its mechanism by the fixed effect and the threshold effect models.Results show that agricultural mechanization have significantly improved agricultural ecological efficiency.The positive effect of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency have been reinforced by the grain-orientation of crop structure and the rural labor transfer.Further study indicates that the impacts of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency have a threshold effect of farmland scale management.With the expansion of farmland scale management,the marginal effect of agricultural mechanization on agricultural ecological efficiency shows the law of“first increasing and then decreasing”.Therefore,to improve agricultural ecological efficiency,this paper suggests:improving the agricultural machinery subsidy policy,optimizing the crop planting structure,guiding the transfer of rural surplus labor force,promoting the moderate scale operation of farmland,and accelerating the construction of agricultural machinery supporting system.

关 键 词：农业机械化 农业生态效率 农地规模经营 农业种植结构 农村劳动力转移 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]