新型电力系统中水力发电装备的发展趋势  

Development Trends of Hydropower Equipment in New Power Systems

作　　者：陶星明[1,2] 陈太平 TAO Xingming;CHEN Taiping(Harbin Electric Machinery Company Limited,Harbin 150040,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Power Equipment,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司,哈尔滨150040 [2]水力发电设备全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《新型电力系统》2023年第3期231-236,共6页NEW TYPE POWER SYSTEMS

摘　　要：为了实现“双碳目标”,新型电力系统的建设赋予了水电新的角色、新的任务,既要作为基础电源提供清洁、低碳电能,又要作为调节电源稳定电网负荷、助力风光电能消纳,这对水电机组的灵活性及安全稳定运行提出了更高的要求。由于早期重效率的设计理念及当时技术水平限制,老旧机组的灵活性调节能力弱。加上我国剩余技术可开发水力资源逐渐向高海拔、高寒地区转移,迫使我国亟需攻克全水头段、全负荷稳定运行水电机组和超高水头大容量冲击式机组等关键技术。为适应风、光能源间歇性、随机性和波动性的先天特征,最大化利用自然资源,提升抽蓄机组的调蓄能力,还需要研制能够突破选址限制、适应特殊应用场景的高端抽水蓄能装备,如大型变速、超大水头变幅抽水蓄能机组和海水抽水蓄能机组等。为此,在归纳我国水电发展现状的基础上,对新型电力系统中水力发电装备发展面临的主要挑战和发展趋势进行了论述。In order to achieve the“dual carbon goal,”the construction of the new power system has bestowed hydropower with new roles and responsibilities.It is required to serve as a fundamental source of clean,low-carbon electricity and to act as an adjusting power source to stabilize grid loads and assist in the integration of wind and solar energy.This places higher demands on the flexibility and safe,stable operation of hydropower units.Due to earlier design concepts emphasizing efficiency and technological limitations at the time,older units exhibit weaker flexibility in regulation.Moreover,as China's remaining developable hydropower resources shift towards high-altitude and cold regions,the urgent need arises to conquer key technologies,such as comprehensive control and stable operation for hydropower units across the entire head range,as well as ultra-high head and large-capacity impulse turbines.To adapt to the inherent intermittency,randomness,and volatility of wind and solar energy,and to maximize the utilization of natural resources while enhancing pumped storage unit's regulating capacity,the development of advanced pumped storage equipment is required.This involves overcoming location limitations and catering to specific application scenarios,including large-scale variable-speed units,ultra-high head variable-amplitude pumped storage units,and seawater pumped storage units.Therefore,based on the current status of China's hydropower development,this article discusses the primary challenges and development trends faced by hydropower equipment in the context of the new power system.

关 键 词：水电 水力发电装备 抽水蓄能装备 新型电力系统 双碳 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]