不同树形桃树冠层光照分布对果实产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Light Distribution in Canopy of Peach Trees With Different Tree Shapes on Fruit Yield and Quality

作　　者：张海旺 张文臣 贾浩 李思琪 杨柳 王洪江 ZHANG Haiwang;ZHANG Wenchen;JIA Hao;LI Siqi;YANG Liu;WANG Hongjiang(The Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute in Dryland of Liaoning Province,Chaoyang,Liaoning 122000;Heze Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co.Ltd.,Heze,Shandong 274009)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省旱地农林研究所,辽宁朝阳122000 [2]菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司,山东菏泽274009

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第4期21-27,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：辽宁省农业科学院旱地特色经济林学科建设计划资助项目(2019DD206530);中央财政林业科技示范推广资金资助项目(辽[2018]TG04号)。

摘　　要：以主干形、30°双株V字形和60°双株V字形3种树形的‘燕红’桃树为试材,采用以树干为中心用竹竿将树冠分成不同层次、方位的50 cm×50 cm×50 cm的立方体的方法,同时按冠层高度将树冠分为下部、中部和上部,研究了6—8月不同树形的冠层光照分布的动态变化,并于果实成熟期测定了各树形的产量及果实品质,以期更加全面了解不同树形的冠层光照分布,为生产中桃树树形选择提供参考依据。结果表明:在果实生长的关键时期,主干形树形冠层相对光照强度在30%~80%的范围内所占比例最高;对于同一树形,相对光照强度小于30%的光照强度所占比例随着垂直高度的增加呈递减趋势,大于80%的光照强度随高度增加呈递增趋势;3种树形的果实产量主要分布于冠层的中部和上部,主干形各部位果实产量高于其他2种树形;各树形果实品质随着树体高度的降低而降低,且各部位之间存在显著性差异,这与各部位的光照强度变化趋势大体一致;主干形各部位果实品质优于其他2种树形。对于单干形‘燕红’桃树品种,主干形‘燕红’桃树在冠层有效光分布、果实产量以及品质上均优于30°和60°双株V字形,且树势健壮,冠层光照分布合理,可作为适宜树形进行示范推广应用。Three kinds of‘Yanhong’peach trees with trunk shape,30°double V shape and 60°double V shape were used as test materials.The method of dividing the tree crown into 50 cm×50 cm×50 cm cubes of different levels and directions with a bamboo pole centered on the trunk was adopted,and the tree crown was divided into the lower part,middle part and upper part according to the height of the canopy.The dynamic changes of canopy light distribution of different tree shapes were studied from June to August,and the yield and fruit quality of each tree shape were measured at the fruit maturity stage,in order to understand the canopy light distribution of different tree shapes more comprehensively,and provide reference for the selection of peach tree shapes in production.The results showed that in the critical period of fruit growth,the relative light intensity of trunk tree canopy was the highest in the range of 30%-80%.For the same tree,the proportion of light intensity less than 30% decreases with the increase of vertical height,and the proportion of light intensity greater than 80% increases with the increase of height.The fruit yield of the three types of trees mainly distributed in the middle and upper part of the canopy,and the fruit yield of the trunk type was higher than that of the other two types of trees.The fruit quality of each tree shape decreased with the decrease of tree height,and there were significant differences among different parts,which was generally consistent with the change trend of light intensity in each part.The fruit quality of each part of trunk form was better than that of other two forms.For the single stem‘Yanhong’peach tree varieties,the trunk‘Yanhong’peach tree had better canopy effective light distribution,fruit yield and quality than the 30°and 60°double V-shaped trees,and the tree potential was robust and the canopy light distribution was reasonable,which could be used as a suitable tree for demonstration and popularization.

关 键 词：桃 冠层光照分布 果实产量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]