柔性碳/三聚氰胺复合泡沫的电磁屏蔽与传感特性  

Electromagnetic Shielding and Sensing Characteristics of Flexible Carbon/Melamine Composite Foams

作　　者：苏秉尧 王斌 侯林伟 王恒 赵建伟 贺辛亥 袁亚蓉 SU Bingyao;WANG Bin;HOU Linwei;WANG Heng;ZHAO Jianwei;HE Xinhai;YUAN Yarong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Xi’an Key Laboratory of Textile Composites,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学材料工程学院,西安710048 [2]西安市纺织复合材料重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第5期265-271,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划协同创新中心项目(20JY027);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2020NY-154);陕西省留学人员科技活动择优资助项目(2021014)。

摘　　要：智能可穿戴设备不断发展,对柔性传感与电磁屏蔽提出了更高的要求。以三聚氰胺泡沫为基底,通过一种低成本、短周期的浸渍-化学镀镍工艺,将纳米碳质颗粒等物质包覆于三聚氰胺泡沫骨架,制备了兼具电磁屏蔽与柔性传感的复合泡沫材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、万能试验机、电化学工作站和矢量网络分析仪研究了碳/三聚氰胺复合泡沫的微观结构、循环压缩、应力传感特性及电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明,碳/三聚氰胺复合泡沫呈三维开孔网状结构,压缩韧性良好;镀镍后,复合泡沫的最大应力为2.75 MPa,循环压缩前两圈吸收能量为22.17 MJ·cm^(-3)。碳/三聚氰胺复合泡沫呈压阻式传感特性,在低应力区传感准确性良好,测试范围较宽,灵敏度为(0.62±0.06) kPa^(-1);镀镍后,响应电流增大,复合泡沫在高应力区传感准确性良好,灵敏度为(3.38±1.0) kPa^(-1)。碳/三聚氰胺复合泡沫的电磁屏蔽以吸收屏蔽效能为主。镀镍前,电磁屏蔽效能与密度呈正相关,当密度为0.168 g·cm^(-3)时,复合泡沫的比电磁屏蔽值最优,为182.86 dB·cm3·g^(-1);镀镍后,复合泡沫的绝对电磁屏蔽值最佳,为178.61 dB·cm^(2)·g^(-1)。With the development of smart wearable devices,flexible sensing and electromagnetic shielding were put forward higher requirement.Melamine foams were used as substrate,and their skeleton were then coated with carbon nanoparticles.Carbon/melamine composite foams with flexible sensing and electromagnetic shielding,were then prepared by such low-cost,short cycle process of infiltration and electroless nickel plating.Microstructure,cyclic compression,stress sensing and electromagnetic shielding properties of composite foams,were investigated by SEM,universal testing machine,electrochemical workstation and vector network analyzer,respectively.Results showed that carbon/melamine composite foams had tiny open cells and three-dimensional reticular structure,exhibited good compressive toughness.Its maximum stress is 2.75 MPa,and absorbed energy of cyclic compression is 22.17 MJ·cm^(-3) during first two cycles after electroless nickel plating.Carbon/melamine composite foams presented piezoresistive sensing characteristics,with sensitivity of(0.62±0.06)kPa^(-1) under different external load in low stress range.They also showed good sensing accuracy,and wide testing range.While after electroless nickel plating,composite foams exhibited good sensing accuracy in high stress range,with increasing response current,and showed sensitivity of(3.38±1.0)kPa^(-1).Electromagnetic shielding was dominated by absorption shielding effectiveness for composite foams.It showed positive correlation with densities before electroless nickel plating.Specific electromagnetic shielding value of composite foams reached maximum(182.86 dB·cm 3·g^(-1))at the density of 0.168 g·cm^(-3).The optimal value of SSE T was 178.61 dB·cm^(2)·g^(-1) after electroless nickel plating.

关 键 词：柔性 复合泡沫 循环压缩 应力传感 电磁屏蔽 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]