“流求”指向演变所见古代中国东海疆域的形成  

A Review of the History of the East China Sea Territory's Formation in Ancient China through Analysis of the Evolution of the “Liuqiu” Direction

作　　者：陈刚 Chen Gang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所暨东海问题研究中心,北京100007

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第6期119-139,M0006,共22页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“战后日本历史进程与国际影响力研究”(22VLS014);国家社科基金重大项目“中琉关系通史”(16ZDA128);国家社科基金一般项目“琉球通史”(21BSS008)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《隋书》以“流求”之名所建构的东海岛屿形象,实际是唐初将隋代性质不同、航向不一、目的地迥异的多次海外探索事迹拼合而成,故其具体指向并不清晰。唐至两宋,官方、士人、海商、海民等不同阶层共同参与东海开发,海上航路不断拓展,沿海不同地区生成了各自的“流求”意象。在这一过程中,“流求”指涉地域由虚趋实,逐渐指向台湾岛。元明时期,中国官方根据东海形势变化,强化对台湾岛和琉球群岛的经略,先后实现对台湾岛的行政管辖和对琉球海域的常态管控,“流求”也在官方主导下统一指向今琉球群岛。The image of an island country in the East China Sea named “Liuqiu” contained in the Sui Shu is actually a composite of many Sui Dynasty overseas explorations with different natures, directions, and destinations, composed in the early Tang Dynasty, so its specific direction is not clear. From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, various groups, including officials, scholars, maritime merchants and seafarers, participated in the development of the East China Sea, and sea routes were continuously expanded. Different coastal areas formed their own images of “Liuqiu”. During this process, the region referred to as “Liuqiu” transitioned from the imagination to reality, and gradually pointing to Taiwan Island. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Chinese officials strengthened their management of Taiwan Island and the “Liuqiu”/Ryukyu Islands in response to the changing situation in the East China Sea, and achieved administrative jurisdiction over Taiwan Island and a regular state of control over the Ryukyu waters, with “Liuqiu” coming to refer to the present day Ryukyu Islands under their influence.

关 键 词：海疆 东海 钓鱼岛 台湾岛 琉球群岛 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] K313.2[历史地理—中国史] K313.3