人身保险复效与解除权的衔接构造  

The Connecting Structure Between the Right of Rescission and Reinstatement of Personal Insurance

作　　者：陈景善[1] 何天翔 Chen Jingshan;He Tianxiang(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;Faculty of Law,National University of Singapore,259776,Singapore)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088 [2]新加坡国立大学法学院,新加坡259776

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第12期72-86,共15页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究一般项目(19SFB2041)。

摘　　要：复效系指因投保人未交保费导致合同中止时,若其在法定期限内申请复效并补交保费便能恢复合同效力的法律构造。我国实证法中,对除投保人以外的关联利益主体是否享有复效申请权,以及其申请后能否代为补交保费的问题未置一词。从法律逻辑与价值基础出发,复效制度须因应司法实践需求,在基础结构上适度扩张申请权主体以实现续造。复效与解除权制度本应相互独立,但因人身保险真正利他性而导致第三人与合同主体间存在信息差,加之解除权形成性原理,第三人在保险人法定解除权与投保人任意解除权项下可能遭遇利益减损。为缓和利益波动,弥合二者的制度间隙,可通过预防构造与应对构造的模式组合加以衔接。其中保险人法定解除权与投保人任意解除权应分别对应单一通知模式与“复催告—自由”模式。Reinstatement of insurance refers to a legal mechanism wherein,upon the policyholder’s failure to timely pay premiums,leading to the suspension of a personal insurance contract,the contract can be reinstated if the policyholder applies for reinstatement within the statutorily defined reinstatement period and pays the outstanding premiums.Originating from the inherent power asymmetry between insurers and policyholders,this mechanism serves to restore contractual equilibrium,ensuring the continuity and stability of the insurance contract while safeguarding the contractual interests of both the insured and beneficiaries.However,as a contract inherently altruistic in nature,personal insurance extends beyond the concerns of the policyholder and the insurer,involving third-party interests during contract performance.Such complexity results in the normative framework modeled on dual contracts tending to overlook the interests of third parties,especially when the insurer and the policyholder exercise their right of rescission.Thus,there is a pressing need for a nuanced institutional design to protect third-party interests in the context of personal insurance reinstatement.In the current Chinese legal landscape,the reinstatement system relies on a foundational structure encompassing a“reinstatement request”and“hazard defense”.However,current insurance law fails to address the question whether third parties,whose interests are intertwined with the contract apart from the policyholder,possess the right to apply for reinstatement and if they can make premium payments on behalf of the policyholder following such an application.Given that third parties lack contractual insight and therefore unable to ascertain specific contract performance details,such a legal structure may result in the loss of opportunities for the third parties to self-remedy their insurance interests.Consequently,the reinstatement system should undergo two structural adjustments to address this issue.Firstly,from both logical and legitimacy persp

关 键 词：人身保险合同 复效制度 解除权 利他合同 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]