新型生物标志物在肾移植排斥反应诊断中的应用、挑战与未来  

Clinical applications,current challenges and future prospects of novel diagnostic biomarkers for kidney transplant rejection

作　　者：胡小鹏[1] 叶炀 Hu Xiaopeng;Ye yang(Department of Urology,Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院泌尿外科,北京100020

出　　处：《中华器官移植杂志》2023年第12期705-711,共7页Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation

摘　　要：高通量组学技术的发展及应用极大加速了肾移植领域中新型生物标志物的发现。目前已有多个用于早期诊断肾移植排斥反应的新型生物标志物成功进入临床并初步展现应用价值。相较于肾小球滤过率、尿蛋白等传统指标,这些新型生物标志物具有诊断效能好、无创且可动态监测等优势。然而,由于研究样本代表性不足、检测成本效益等限制,新型生物标志物在临床推广过程中仍面临诸多挑战。未来肾移植排斥反应精准诊断体系的建立或可为肾移植排斥反应的发病机制研究和精准诊治提供更多宝贵信息。In recent years,rapid developments and wide applications of high-throughput omics technologies have greatly accelerated the discovery of novel biomarkers in the field of kidney transplantation(KT).Currently,several novel biomarkers for making an early diagnosis of KT rejection have successfully entered clinical practices with promising application values.As compared with such traditional parameters as glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria,these new biomarkers offer great advantages in diagnostic performance,specificity,non-invasiveness and dynamic monitoring.Meanwhile,these novel biomarkers also provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis and phenotyping of KT rejection.However,due to the limitations of inadequate representativeness of research samples and testing cost-effectiveness,these new biomarkers still face many hurdles during clinical applications.This review summarized the developments and applications of novel biomarkers for diagnosing KT rejection.Current difficulties and challenges were discussed based upon past research experiences.A precise diagnostic system for KT rejection shall be established in the future.

关 键 词：肾移植 排斥反应 生物标志物 高通量组学技术 诊断模型 外泌体 

分 类 号：R699.2[医药卫生—泌尿科学]