元明“白昼抢夺”罪的生成及发展  

The Creation and Development of the "Daytime Snatch"-Crime in Yuan and Ming Dynasties

作　　者：陈佳臻 Chen Jiazhen

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律古籍研究所

出　　处：《国学学刊》2023年第4期67-76,140,共11页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“中国古代地方治理的理论与实践及借鉴”项目(LSYZD21006)阶段性成果;国家社会科学基金青年项目“《棘寺平反》的整理与元明法律变迁研究”(22CZS027)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“抢夺”罪并非现代法学的舶来品。它生成发展于元明时期,有其现实因素与法理逻辑。其中,商品经济以及相伴生的城市发展,市民阶层的兴起是其现实背景。在此背景下,“抢夺”的主要行为人与受害人——兵痞、流氓、恶少等社会闲散人员与市民、行商的大规模出现,导致“抢夺”案发频率逐渐上升,最终受到官方重视。入元以后,主要采用判例法这一特殊的司法实践允许法官打破传统律令的桎梏,开始尝试在强、窃盗之外认定“抢夺”罪,最终,《大明律》在成文法层面形成“白昼抢夺”罪。“白昼”二字的保留,与对遭风失火情形的特别强调,深刻反映出元、明法律之间的继承关系,忽略这层关系,导致明清以来的法官和律学家都试图对之加以诠释和补充却又不尽如人意。The crime of "snatch" is not an imported product of modern jurisprudence.It was created and developed during the Yuan and Ming dynasties,with its own realistic factors and jurisprudential logic.Among them,the commercial economy and the accompanying urban development,the rise of the civic class is its realistic background.In this background,the main actors and victims of "snatch"-soldiers,hooligans,young villains and other social loafers and citizens,the large-scale emergence of businessmen,resulting in "snatch" cases frequency gradually increased,and eventually received official attention.After the Yuan,the main use of case law,a special judicial practice allows judges to break the shackles of the traditional law,began to try to identify the crime of "snatch" in addition to robbery and theft.Eventually,The Great Ming Code at the level of the written law to create a "daytime snatch" crime.The retention of the word "daytime" and the special emphasis on the fire caused by wind cases deeply reflect the inheritance relationship between the Yuan and Ming laws.The neglect of this relationship has led judges and legal scholars since the Ming and Qing dynasties to attempt to interpret and supplement it,without much satisfaction.

关 键 词：抢夺罪 白昼抢夺 元朝 明朝 经世大典 大明律 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]