泌乳期、干奶期的娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛粪便菌群组成及纤维素降解功能  

Fecal microbiome composition and cellulose degradation function of Jersey and Holstein cows during lactation and dry periods

作　　者：贾雯 刘美汛 吴思谋 苗钟化 程如越 沈曦 王世杰 李启明 何方 JIA Wen;LIU Meixun;WU Simou;MIAO Zhonghua;CHENG Ruyue;SHEN Xi;WANG Shijie;LI Qiming;HE Fang(West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川成都610041 [2]河北科技大学食品与生物学院 [3]新希望乳业股份有限公司

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2023年第12期1372-1378,共7页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021ZXJ03B01-2);河北省自然科学基金生物农业联合基金重点项目(C2022106016);四川省博士后科研项目特别资助(TB2022046)。

摘　　要：目的探讨泌乳期、干奶期反刍动物粪便的纤维素降解能力和菌群变化。方法采集娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛泌乳期、干奶期的粪便,通过滤纸崩解实验分析牛粪纤维素降解能力,利用二代测序技术观察泌乳期和干奶期牛粪在滤纸崩解实验前后粪便菌群的结构变化。结果滤纸崩解实验发现,娟姗牛泌乳期和干奶期粪便菌群纤维素降解能力无显著差异,而荷斯坦牛干奶期粪便菌群纤维素降解能力显著强于泌乳期。二代测序结果表明,荷斯坦牛在干奶期时粪便菌群alpha多样性低于泌乳期,而滤纸崩解后2种牛的粪便菌群alpha多样性均显著升高,且荷斯坦牛干奶期粪便菌群的alpha多样性高于泌乳期;Beta多样性分析显示同种牛在泌乳期和干奶期粪便菌群结构有显著差异。滤纸崩解前2种牛泌乳期和干奶期粪便菌群均以Proteobacteria为优势菌门,但在滤纸崩解后泌乳期和干奶期粪便菌群均以Bacteroidota和Firmicutes为优势菌门。滤纸崩解后,2种牛泌乳期和干奶期粪便菌群属水平组成相似,均以Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、UCG-005、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group和UCG-010为优势菌属,且粪便菌群结构趋同。结论干奶期荷斯坦牛粪便的纤维素分解效果显著。在反刍动物粪便样本中进行纤维素降解功能菌分离筛选时,应于动物干奶期进行自然样本的集中采集。Objective To observe the cellulose degradation ability and microbiome changes in ruminant feces during lactation and dry period.Methods Feces of Jersey cows and Holstein cows during lactation and dry periods were collected,and the cellulose degradation ability was analyzed through filter paper disintegration experiment.The next-generation sequencing technique was used to observe the structural changes of fecal microbiome before and after filter paper disintegration experiment.Results There was no significant difference in cellulose degradation ability of Jersey cow fecal flora between lactation period and dry period,but that of Holstein cow in dry period was significantly better than in lactation period.The next-generation sequencing showed that the alpha diversity of flora in Holstein cow in dry period was lower than that in lactation period,while the alpha diversity of Jersey cow and Holstein cow had increased significantly after the disintegration of filter paper,and the alpha diversity of Holstein fecal microbiome in dry period was higher than that in lactation period.Βeta diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in fecal flora structure between lactation period and dry period of the same breed.Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the two kinds of cow feces during lactation and dry period before the disintegration of filter paper,but both Bacteroidota and Firmicutes became the main phylum during lactation and dry period after filter paper disintegration.After the disintegration of filter paper,the compositions of fecal flora at genus level during lactation and dry period were similar,with Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,UCG005,Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and UCG-010 as the dominant bacteria,and the structure of fecal flora tended to be the same.Conclusion The cellulose degradation effect of Holstein cow feces during the dry period was significant.Therefore,the animal dry-milking stage feces should be selected as natural samples when considering the isolation and screening of cellu

关 键 词：泌乳期 干奶期 反刍动物 纤维素降解 粪便菌群 二代测序技术 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]