“城市众脑”:理论模式及关键议题  

Society Brains:Theoretical Model and Key Issues

作　　者：吴志强 甘惟[2] 李舒然 刘朝晖 周咪咪[2] 徐浩文 王元楷 WU Zhiqiang;GAN Wei;LI Shuran;LIU Zhaohui;ZHOU Mimi;XU Haowen;WANG Yuankai

机构地区：[1]中国工程院 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]同济大学设计创意学院 [4]中国城市科学研究会 [5]中国生态城市研究院 [6]同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2023年第6期20-26,共7页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题“城市可持续规划建设多模态情景智能仿真信息平台研究”(2022YFC3800205)。

摘　　要：对“城市大脑”提出反思,指出其系统面临多层主体决策压力、信息爆炸、传导低效以及数据库容量限制等四个方面的技术挑战,难以适应城市现代化立体决策需求。提出并描述从“城市大脑”走向“城市众脑”的模型转变,以社会智能为典型特征,阐述“城市众脑”的定义及学习模式,突破单脑系统瓶颈,构建向城市社会这一高级智慧生命群落学习以适应复杂任务的新型AI模型。进一步提出并探讨城市众脑的转化源起、决策架构、联动搭接、职能分配、数字模拟、迭代升级、治理映射、三元互动、群落交互等九大关键议题,深入论述了城市众脑的组织、运行、演化特征,指出城市众脑对未来智慧城市发展的贡献,为后续研究提供视野。As AI technology represented by deep learning rises to prominence,the implementation of smart brain systems for cities is recognized as an indispensable strategy for city modernization.However,the City Brain system can not meet the challenge of modernization as intelligent systems relying on a single brain structure can not align with the complex organization of modern cities.This paper critically evaluate the City Brain concept,identifying four technical challenges facing the single-brain system:multi-layer decision-making pressure,information explosion,low transmission efficiency,and limited database capacity.This paper describes the conceptual shift from City Brain to Society Brains by introducing key features of collective intelligence.It defines the concept of Society Brians and elucidates its learning mode,which can surpasses the limitation of the City Brain system by adopting a new AI model based on the collective learning of intelligent individuals during complex problem-solving.This paper raises and discusses nine key issues on Society Brains,including the origin of the concept,structure of decision making,components and linkages,division and cooperation,digital simulation,iterative development,practical applications,elements interaction,and inter-social collaboration.Lastly,the paper illustrates the organization,operation,and evolution of Society Brains,highlighting their contributions to future development of smart cities and implications for future research.

关 键 词：AI 众脑模型 群体智能 智慧城市 城市大脑 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]