易地扶贫搬迁对脱贫农户就业的影响——基于西部9省11县的调研  

Impact of poverty alleviation relocation on the employment offarmers lifted out of poverty:Based on the survey data of 9 provinces and 11 counties in western China

作　　者：张焕柄 张莉琴[1] ZHANG Huanbing;ZHANG Liqin(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《资源科学》2023年第12期2449-2462,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20ZDA073)。

摘　　要：【目的】易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持是巩固拓展脱贫成果、有效衔接乡村振兴的重要举措,了解脱贫农户在搬迁后能否获得就业、获得怎样的就业,能够为后续扶持提供有益的政策参考。【方法】本文基于2021年西部9省11县脱贫户的实地调研数据,使用线性概率模型及工具变量法研究了易地扶贫搬迁对脱贫农户就业的影响,并进一步讨论了搬迁农户的非农就业来源、安置方式以及家庭情况的差异性影响。【结果】研究发现:(1)易地扶贫搬迁显著减少了脱贫户的农业劳动,而对非农就业没有显著影响。(2)将非农就业来源细分为公益性岗位就业和市场性就业发现,搬迁后脱贫农户的公益性岗位就业显著增加,而市场性就业没有明显变化。(3)差异性分析表明,易地扶贫搬迁对公益性岗位就业的促进作用在城镇安置户中更为明显,而城镇安置户的市场性就业面临较大挑战;搬迁后,资产缺乏型和人力资本缺乏型家庭的公益性岗位就业显著增加,而复合缺乏型家庭的公益性岗位就业未发生明显变化;另外,不同家庭情况搬迁户的非农就业和市场性就业均没有明显变化。【结论】本文认为,搬迁农户的自主就业能力还有待增强,应坚持就业扶持和引导并重的政策思路,聚焦改善搬迁农户就业机会和技能水平,对特定搬迁群体进行分类施策及针对性帮扶,以此来激发和增强搬迁农户的可持续发展能力。[Objective]The follow-up support work for poverty alleviation relocation is animportant measure to consolidate and build the gains of poverty alleviation,and effectively connectwith rural revitalization.Knowing whether out-of-poverty farmers can obtain employment afterrelocation and what kind of employment they can obtain,can provide useful policy references forfollow-up support work.[Methods]This study was based on field survey data of farmers lifted outof poverty in 11 counties of 9 provinces in western China in 2021.Linear probability models andinstrumental variable methods are used to study the impact of poverty alleviation relocation on theemployment of farmers lifted out of poverty.Furthermore,the article discusses the differentialimpact of non agricultural employment sources,resettlement types,and family status of relocatedfarmers.The sources of employment for relocated households,as well as the differential effects ofresettlement types and family status,were further discussed.[Results]The study found that:(1)Relocation significantly reduces the agricultural labor of farmers lifted out of poverty,but has nosignificant impact on non-agricultural employment.(2)Dividing non-agricultural employment intopublic public welfare position and market-based jobs,this study found that the employment offarmers lifted out of poverty in public welfare positions significantly increased,while there was nosignificant change in market-based employment.(3)Differential analysis shows that the promotioneffect of poverty alleviation relocation on public welfare employment is more pronounced amongurban resettlement households,and the market-based employment of urban resettlementhouseholds faces greater challenges.After the relocation,the employment of public welfarepositions for households with asset deficient and human capital deficient increased significantly,while the employment of public welfare positions for households with compound deficiencies didnot change significantly.In addition,the non-agricultural employment and marke

关 键 词：易地扶贫搬迁 非农就业 公益性岗位就业 市场性就业 安置方式 家庭情况 线性概率模型 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F249.27[政治法律—政治学] D632.4[政治法律—中外政治制度]