上海话中“动结式-脱”的句法结构  

The Syntax of"VR-t^(h)■?"in Shanghainese

作　　者：朱佳蕾 Zhu Jialei(Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学语言研究院,上海2200083

出　　处：《语言科学》2023年第6期612-623,共12页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD301、22&ZD295)的资助。

摘　　要：文章讨论上海话中一个虚化的结果成分“脱”的句法性质,指出“脱”出现在动结式之后形成的所谓“双重动结式”实为假象,“VR脱”的内部结构应该分析为“[V[R脱]]”,其中“R脱”作为动结式复合词充当V所表达的事件的结果。本文论证“脱”附在简单动词或动结式之后性质保持不变,都是内部体[+telic]特征的显性标记,位于VP内部,而非VP外部的体貌成分。在此基础上,文章提出,上海话一部分状态变化动词需要“脱”的出现才能表达状态变化,是由于这些动词本身并不编码状态变化,只表示状态或属性。这一分析避免了“双重动结式”带来的理论问题,也可以对“脱”进行统一分析。The syntactic status of the semantically bleached result marker t^(h)■?(脱)in Shang-hainese is controversial as it can either follow a bare verb,in which case it functions on a par with a result complement,or a resultative verb compound,where it is more likely to be analyzed as an aspec-tual marker rather than a result complement due to a universally attested ban that an event can encode no more than one result.This paper investigates the syntax of t^(h)■?and argues that whether it is prece-ded by a bare verb or a resultative verb compound,it always behaves parallel to a VP-internal resulta-tive marker rather than an aspectual marker above vP.We show several pieces of evidence where the surface order V-R-t^(h)■?should be analyzed as‘V[R-t^(h)■?]',so as to avoid the theoretical problem of the ban on double results as well as provide a unified analysis of t^(h)■?.Based on the observation that some change-of-state(COS)verbs in Shanghainese require the occurrence of t^(h)■?,contrary to their Mandarin counterparts,we further propose that t^(h)■?is the phonological realization of the inner aspect specified asL+telic](i.e.,VBEcOMe in terms of event structure).Those so-called COS verbs that must be followed by t^(h)■?in Shanghainese are not true COS verbs in the sense that they only name the(re-sult)state and must combine with t^(h)■?to express the COS meaning.

关 键 词：结果补语 体标记 动结式 双重动结式 内部体 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]