坡向对三江源区3种栽培植物生长及光合特征的影响  

Effects of slope aspect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of three cultivated grass species in the Three-River-Source Region

作　　者：宋志萍 王晓丽[1] 胡晓晴 刘和 SONG Zhiping;WANG Xiaoli;HU Xiaoqing;LIU He(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Xining 810000,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第1期134-142,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国科学院-青海省人民政府-三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08);国家自然科学基金区域联合基金项目(U21A20183、U21A20186)。

摘　　要：坡向作为主要地形因子,影响植物的生长和光合特征。本研究以果洛州达日县两种坡向(阴坡、阳坡)、3种栽培植物[青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis‘Qinghai’)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和发草(Deschampsia cespitosa)]为对象,监测分析不同坡向不同植物的生长及光合特征,筛选出不同植物适宜的生境,为三江源区“黑土山”植被修复提供科学依据。结果显示:1)发草生长特性(株高、叶长、茎粗、叶面积和地上生物量)为阴坡显著高于阳坡(P<0.05),垂穗披碱草的比叶面积、地下生物量为阳坡显著高于阴坡(P<0.05),青海草地早熟禾的所有生长指标在坡向间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)青海草地早熟禾的蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))为阳坡显著高于阴坡(P<0.05);垂穗披碱草的胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))为阴坡显著高于阳坡(P<0.05);发草的C_(i)、G_(s)为阳坡显著高于阴坡(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,发草适宜在阴坡生长,阳坡生境利于青海草地早熟禾光合作用,垂穗披碱草在阳坡种植有利于其生长。The slope aspect is a main terrain factor and affects plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics.We studied the effect of different slope aspects on the growth characteristics and photosynthesis of Poa pratensis‘Qinghai’,Elymus nutans,and Deschampsia cespitosa in the degraded grassland of“Black Soil Mountain”.By monitoring and analyzing the two characteristics of all three plants on each slope,suitable habitats were screened out,providing a scientific basis for vegetation restoration of Black Soil Mountain in the Three-River-Source region.The results showed that 1)The growth characteristics of D.cespitosa(plant height,leaf length,stem diameter,leaf area,and aboveground biomass)in shady slopes were significantly higher than those on sunny slopes(P<0.05),and the specific leaf area and underground biomass in E.nutans on sunny slopes were significantly higher than those on the shady slope(P<0.05).No significant differences were found between the slopes for any of the growth indices of P.pratensis‘Qinghai’(P>0.05).2)Transpiration rate(T_(r))and stomatal conductance(G_(s))of P.pratensis‘Qinghai’on the sunny slopes was significantly higher than those on the shady slopes(P<0.05),and the intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))of E.nutans was significantly higher on the shady slopes than on the sunny slopes(P<0.05).The C_(i) and Gs of D.cespitosa on sunny slopes were significantly higher than those on shady slopes(P<0.05).D.cespitosa was suitable for growth on shady slopes,whereas sunny slopes promoted photosynthesis in P.pratensis‘Qinghai’and E.nutans.

关 键 词：坡向 发草 垂穗披碱草 青海草地早熟禾 生长特性 光合特征 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]