相对贫困乡村空间分异格局与返贫脆弱性研究——以武陵山片区为例  

Research on the Spatial Differentiation Pattern and Vulnerability of Relative Poor Villages:A Case Study in Wuling Mountain Area

作　　者：张梦淼 何韶瑶[1] 屈野 张晓琳[1] 李光宇 柴周茂 ZHANG Mengmiao;HE Shaoyao;QU Ye;ZHANG Xiaolin;LI Guangyu;CHAI Zhoumao

机构地区：[1]湖南大学建筑与规划学院 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司规划研究院

出　　处：《小城镇建设》2024年第1期57-65,共9页DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL CITIES & TOWNS

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“少数民族地区传统村落保护发展及其现代空间转换实证研究”(编号:51978250);湖南省重点领域研发计划“中意木构建筑病理分析监测及其根际免疫技术集成合作研究”(编号:2021WK2004)。

摘　　要：在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的背景下,科学评价相对贫困乡村空间分异与返贫脆弱性有助于精准施策。本文以武陵山片区为研究样本,运用GIS、地理探测器模型和值灰色关联度方法分析影响该片区相对贫困乡村在县域尺度上的空间分异格局和返贫脆弱性,结果表明:1)相对贫困乡村在空间上整体呈集聚分布,分布格局呈现显著的空间自相关性,两极分化特征明显;2)平均高程和少数民族人口比重是影响该片区相对贫困村空间分布的重要因素,平均高程、少数民族人口比重、老龄化率和第一产业占比的交互作用对相对贫困乡村的空间分布造成显著影响;3)受经济发展和社会保障制约,绝大多数县域返贫脆弱性较高,其多维返贫脆弱性在空间上呈现中心分散、两端聚集的整体格局。因此,实施乡村振兴战略应充分利用该片区自然生态优势,因地制宜发展产业并加强公共服务基础设施建设。Scientific evaluation of the spatial differentiation and vulnerability of relatively poor rural areas is the premise of precise implementation in the process of effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Taking Wuling Mountain Area as the research sample,based on the county scale,this paper analyzes the driving factors and multi-dimensional vulnerability of the spatial distribution of relatively poor villages in this area from 3 dimensions of economic development,social security,and natural ecology through the geo-detector model and q-value grey correlation degree.The results show that:1)The relatively poor villages in this area are spatially clustered,the distribution pattern shows significant spatial autocorrelation,and the polarization characteristics are obvious.2)The average elevation and the proportion of ethnic minority population are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of relatively poor villages in this area.The interaction of average elevation,the proportion of ethnic minority population,aging rate,and the proportion of primary industry has a significant impact on the spatial distribution of relatively poor villages in this area.3)Most of the relatively poor villages in Wuling Mountain Area are highly vulnerable to poverty due to economic development and social security constraints.Their multi-dimensional vulnerability to poverty shows an overall pattern of central dispersion and aggregation at both ends.On this basis,the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy should make full use of the natural ecological advantages of the area,develop industries according to local conditions,and strengthen the construction of public service infrastructure.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 相对贫困乡村 空间分异 返贫脆弱性 武陵山片区 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]