优异常规粳稻亲本组合选配方法及其育种应用  

Method of selection of superior normal japonica rice parental combinations and its breeding application

作　　者：杜灿灿 景德道[1] 胡庆峰 曾生元[1] 李闯[1] 钱华飞[1] 余波[1] 孙立亭[1] 林添资[1] 龚红兵[1] DU Can-can;JING De-dao;HU Qing-feng;ZENG Sheng-yuan;LI Chuang;QIAN Hua-fei;YU Bo;SUN Li-ting;LIN Tian-zi;GONG Hong-bing(Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area,Jurong,Jiangsu 212400,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第1期56-65,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目[JBGS(2021)037];2021年镇江“金山英才”高层次领军人才培养计划(第六期“169工程”)。

摘　　要：【目的】在了解表型与基因型差异的基础上同时对候选常规粳稻亲本进行分类,随后结合育种亲本选配四大原则进行优异亲本选配,为常规粳稻育种提供一种亲本组合选配方法。【方法】以江苏省自主选育水稻品种为材料,考察34个品种的42个表型性状,并利用41对SSR标记对以上34个品种进行基因型鉴定。通过表型值与基因型值分别计算欧几里得距离、遗传相似系数,采用Ward.D法、UPGMA法进行聚类分析。【结果】农艺性状、品质性状的遗传相似性分析表明,大部分试验品种的遗传基础背景比较相近,但SSR标记的遗传相似性分析显示34个品种的遗传相似系数在0.39~0.95,表明江苏不同单位育成的品种遗传背景仍存在不同。聚类分析结果表明,不同类群间农艺性状、品质、等位基因差异与不同生态型不存在明显关系。AMOVA分析显示试验品种96.19%的遗传变异来源于群体内。【结论】不同聚类结果得到的类群不完全一致,将农艺性状、品质性状、SSR标记的聚类结果结合起来对亲本进行分类更有利于增加亲本选配的精确度、减少育种工作量、提高育种效率。本研究应用多种指标聚类方法进行常规粳稻亲本选配,在镇稻18号与盐稻11号组合中,选育出大量优异中间材料,并育成了不同生态型新品种镇稻23号、镇稻32号和镇稻33号。【Objective】The normal japonica rice parents were classified based on the concurrent understanding of phenotypic and genotypic differences.The classification was then integrated with the four parental selection principles to identify superior parents and produce a paren⁃tal selection approach for conventional rice breeding.【Method】In the experiment,42 phenotypic traits of 34 varieties from Jiangsu province were investigated,and these varieties were genotyped using 41 pairs of SSR markers.Euclidean distance and genetic similarity coefficient were calculated by phenotypic and genotypic values respectively,and then cluster analysis was performed by Ward.D method and UPGMA method.【Result】The majority of the test varieties had relatively similar genetic base backgrounds,according to genetic similarity analysis of agronomic and quality traits,but genetic similarity analysis of SSR markers showed that the genetic similarity coefficients among the 34 varie⁃ties ranged from 0.39-0.95,indicating that the genetic backgrounds of the varieties bred in different institutions in Jiangsu were still differ⁃ent.The results of cluster analysis showed that there was no obvious correlation between agronomic traits,quality,and allele differences and different ecotypes among the different clusters.96.19%of the genetic variation in the test varieties came from within the population,accord⁃ing to an AMOVA study.【Conclusion】The clusters obtained from different cluster analysis are not identical.Combining the clustering re⁃sults of agronomic traits,quality traits,and SSR markers to classify the parents is more conducive to increasing the precision of parent selec⁃tion,reducing the workload of breeding,and increasing the efficiency of breeding.In the combination of Zhendao 18 and Yandao 11,a vari⁃ety of index clustering methods were applied for conventional japonica parental selection.A large number of excellent intermediate materials were selected,and new varieties of different ecotypes,Zhendao 23,Zhendao 32,an

关 键 词：常规粳稻 亲本组合选配 遗传相似性分析 聚类分析 AMOVA分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]