开花期渍水对不同施氮量条件下小麦产量及土壤矿质氮的影响  

Effects of waterlogging during flowering on wheat yield and soil mineral nitrogen under different nitrogen application rates

作　　者：李慕嵘 李霞 李赟 尹立俊 王小燕[1] LI Mu-rong;LI Xia;LI Yun;YIN Li-jun;WANG Xiao-yan(Agricultural College of Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization,Ministry of Edu-cation/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第1期75-83,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871578);湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KFT202104)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨开花期渍水对不同施氮量条件下小麦植株干物质积累与转运、产量及土壤矿质氮含量的影响,以期为江汉平原小麦抗渍高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以适宜长江中下游流域种植的小麦品种襄麦55和扬麦23为材料,设置3个施氮水平[N0(不施氮)、N1(纯氮135 kg/hm^(2))、N2(纯氮180 kg/hm^(2))],用盆栽方法于开花期进行7 d渍水试验,分析小麦旗叶SPAD值、地上部干物质积累与转运、籽粒产量及土壤矿质氮含量的变化。【结果】开花期渍水显著降低小麦旗叶SPAD值和地上部干物质积累量,旗叶SPAD值降低8.61%~39.78%,地上部干物质积累量降低4.49%~12.24%,降低幅度随施氮量增加而减少。渍水条件下,随着施氮量的提高小麦花前干物质转运量及贡献率、花后干物质积累量均有所增加,分别增加35.39%~58.37%、6.04%~21.88%、8.94%~29.32%。在渍水期间(花后0~7 d)土壤硝态氮含量显著降低41.81%~63.50%;铵态氮含量显著升高21.89%~62.15%。花后7~21 d表现为硝态氮含量升高,铵态氮含量下降。21~28 d硝态氮含量下降,铵态氮含量上升。渍水处理下,增加施氮量,硝态氮及铵态氮含量均在增加。开花期渍水导致小麦减产,千粒重降低是减产的主要因素。与不施氮相比,渍水条件下N1、N2的小麦产量分别增加229.75%~235.32%、290.28%~358.12%。【结论】渍水显著降低了小麦旗叶SPAD值、干物质积累量、产量及土壤硝态氮含量,增加土壤铵态氮含量。施氮量在0~180 kg/hm^(2)条件下,增加施氮量可以缓解渍害对小麦的伤害,减少产量的损失。【Objective】The effects of waterlogging during flowering on dry matter accumulation and transport,yield and soil mineral nitrogen content of wheat plants under different nitrogen application rates were discussed,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the water⁃resistant and high⁃yield cultivation of wheat in the Jianghan Plain.【Method】The wheat varieties Xiangmai 55 and Yangmai 23 suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as materials.Three nitrogen application levels including N0(no nitrogen appli⁃cation),N1(pure nitrogen 135 kg/hm^(2)),N2(pure nitrogen 180 kg/hm^(2))were set and watered for 7 days at the flowering stage by potting method.The changes of SPAD value in flag leaves,dry matter accumulation and transport in the ground,grain yield and soil mineral nitro⁃gen content of wheat were analyzed.【Result】Waterlogging during flowering period significantly decreased SPAD value in flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in aboveground parts of wheat.SPAD value in flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in aboveground parts decreased by 8.61%to 39.78%,and dry matter accumulation in aboveground parts decreased by 4.49%-12.24%,and the decreasing range de⁃creased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under waterlogging,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,pre⁃flowering dry matter transfer and contribution rate of wheat,post⁃flowering dry matter accumulation increased by 35.39%-58.37%,6.04%-21.88%and 8.94%-29.32%,respectively.During waterlogging period(0-7 days after anthesis),soil nitrate nitrogen content decreased signifi⁃cantly by 41.81%-63.50%;The content of ammonium nitrogen increased significantly by 21.89%-62.15%.After removing water,the nitrate nitrogen content increased and the ammonium nitrogen content decreased from 7 to 21 days.From^(2)1 to 28 days,nitrate nitrogen con⁃tent decreased and ammonium nitrogen content increased.Under waterlogging treatment,when increasing nitrogen application,nitrate nitro⁃gen and

关 键 词：小麦 SPAD值 干物质 土壤氮素 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]