运用土壤水分表征小麦受渍影响程度的指标构建  

Construction of index to characterize degree of wheat waterlogging impact by soil moisture

作　　者：杨小琴 万肖 胡佩敏 熊勤学[1] 陈啟行 YANG Xiao-qin;WAN Xiao;HU Pei-min;XIONG Qin-xue;CHEN Qi-hang(Agricultural School of Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;Meteorology Agency of Jingzhou City,Jingzhou,Hubei 434020,China;Agricultural Industry Service Center of Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang,Hubei 443500,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]荆州市气象局,湖北荆州434020 [3]长阳土家族自治县农业产业服务中心,湖北宜昌443500

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第1期84-91,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871516)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对地下水位埋深和气象要素构建的小麦受渍程度特征量不足的问题,构建小麦受渍指数WI(Waterlogging in⁃dex),为小麦产量预报和减灾抗灾提供科学依据。【方法】以长江中下游地区常见小麦种植品种“扬麦11”和“郑麦7698”为材料,通过小麦不同品种受渍处理盆栽试验,利用APSIM模型中土壤水分低氧胁迫对小麦根系影响的特征量作为小麦受渍日指数,结合土壤体积含水量,研究土壤水分低氧胁迫、受渍程度与小麦产量的关系。【结果】①小麦受渍时长与小麦产量增减率呈极显著线性负相关,小麦受渍时间越长,小麦产量增减率越低。对比不同受渍时期小麦产量增减率,开花至成熟期对小麦进行受渍处理产量影响较大;②累计WI与小麦叶片SPAD值呈显著负线性关系,即小麦受渍越严重,小麦叶片叶绿素含量及活性越低;③当WI≤5.3(“扬麦11”)或6.0(“郑麦7698”)时,WI与小麦产量增减率呈正相关,WI越大小麦产量增减率越高;当WI>5.3(“扬麦11”)或6.0(“郑麦7698”)时,WI与小麦产量增减率呈负相关,契合小麦受渍害影响机理。【结论】基于土壤水分构建的WI可定量表达小麦受渍程度及对产量的影响,且具有普适性,可以为小麦渍害灾损评估提供可量化的计算方法,对小麦渍害预警,灾损评估有较高利用价值。【Objective】To address the problem of limitations of using characteristic parameters,such as groundwater depth and meteorological elements for assessing wheat waterlogging,a wheat waterlogging index(WI)was developed.The index offered a scientific basis for forecas⁃ting wheat yield,as well as for mitigating disasters and enhancing resilience.【Method】The study utilized wheat varieties of‘Yangmai11’and‘Zhengmai7698’as materials,which were prevalent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain.Pot experiments were conducted on these different wheat varieties subjected to waterlogging treatment.The APSIM model was utilized,and the characteristic im⁃pact of soil water and oxygen stress on wheat roots was used as the daily index of wheat waterlogging.This approach combined soil volumetric moisture content to establish the relationship between soil moisture hypoxic stress,waterlogging degree and wheat yield.【Result】(i)The du⁃ration of waterlogging showed a negative correlation with the rate of increase or decrease in wheat yield.This meant that the longer the dura⁃tion of waterlogging,the lower the rate of increase or decrease in wheat yield.Moreover,when comparing the rate of increase or decrease in wheat yield at different waterlogging stages,it was found that waterlogging treatment from the flowering to maturity stage had a significant effect on wheat yield;(ii)The cumulative WI showed a significant negative linear relationship with SPAD of wheat leaves,that was,the more serious of waterlogging,the lower the chlorophyll content and activity in wheat leaves;(iii)When WI was less than 5.3(‘Yangmai11’)or 6.0(‘Zhengmai7698’),it showed a positive correlation with the rate of increase or decrease in wheat yield,indicating that a higher WI corresponded to a higher rate of increase or decrease in wheat yield;Conversely,When the WI exceeded 5.3(‘Yangmai11’)or 6.0(‘Zhengmai7698’),the WI displayed a negative correlation with the rate of increase or decrease in wheat yield,

关 键 词：小麦渍害 受渍程度指数 定量分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]