哈茨木霉UN⁃2β⁃葡聚糖酶诱导及对水稻纹枯病的抑菌防病作用  

Inducement ofβ⁃glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum UN⁃2 and its antifungal and preventive effects on rice sheath blight

作　　者：杨春林[1,2] 席亚东 胡强[4] 李洪浩 YANG Chun-lin;XI Ya-dong;HU Qiang;LI Hong-hao(Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Leshan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Sichuan Province,Leshan,Sichuan 614000,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Leshan Normal University,Leshan,Sichuan 614000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院,成都610066 [2]四川省乐山市植保植检站,四川乐山614000 [3]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066 [4]乐山师范学院竹类病虫防控与资源开发四川省重点实验室,四川乐山614000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第1期119-127,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省农业科学院科技成果中试熟化与示范转化项目(2023ZSSFXD02);乐山市重点科技计划课题(22NZD141)。

摘　　要：【目的】优化哈茨木霉UN⁃2菌株产β⁃葡聚糖酶的培养基组分及发酵参数,提高其产酶能力,研究β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对水稻纹枯病病原菌的拮抗作用及田间防效,阐明哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2在水稻纹枯病生物防治中的应用潜力。【方法】采用单因素试验考察不同碳源、氮源和金属离子对哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2产β⁃葡聚糖酶的影响,利用正交试验确定木霉菌株产β⁃葡聚糖酶的最适温度、pH、接种量、瓶装量、摇床转速和发酵时间,优化哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2产β⁃葡聚糖酶诱导发酵条件;通过体外拮抗试验和田间防效试验研究β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对水稻纹枯病的抑菌防病作用。【结果】哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2发酵产β⁃葡聚糖酶最佳碳源和氮源分别为麦麸和硫酸铵,金属离子Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)对木霉产β⁃葡聚糖酶活性具有明显的促进作用。哈茨木霉UN⁃2菌株以10.0 g/L麦麸、0.5 g/Lβ⁃葡聚糖、4.0 g/L硫酸铵、1.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+)、0.5 mmol/L Mg^(2+)为培养基,在温度32℃、起始pH 6.5、接种量8 mL(10^(6) cfu/mL)、瓶装量30 mL/250 mL、摇床转速160 r/min条件下发酵64 h获得β⁃葡聚糖酶活性最高。木霉菌株UN⁃2产β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对立枯丝核菌和禾谷丝核菌的菌丝生长和菌核萌发具有明显的抑制作用,对由立枯丝核菌引起的水稻纹枯病的田间防效达70.45%,与5%井冈霉素处理相当,β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液处理可提高水稻结实率和稻粒充实度。【结论】哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2在最优发酵条件下产酶活性达97.68 U/mL,β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对水稻纹枯病具有较强的抑菌防病效果,并对水稻植株具有一定的促生作用。【Objective】The present paper aimed to optimize the medium composition and fermentation parameters of Trichoderma harzianum strain UN⁃2 producingβ⁃glucanase,improve itsβ⁃glucanase production capacity,and study the antagonism of the crude enzyme solution ofβ⁃glucanase on the pathogen of rice sheath blight and its field control effect,so as to clarify the application potential of T.harzianum strain UN⁃2 in controlling rice sheath blight.【Method】In order to optimize the inducing conditions for the production ofβ⁃glucanase from T.harzianum strain UN⁃2,a single factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of carbon,nitrogen and metal ions on the production ofβ⁃glu⁃canase from T.harzianum strain UN⁃2,and orthogonal experiments were used to determine the optimal temperature,pH,inoculation amount,bottled amount,shaking speed,and fermentation time for the production of glucanase from T.harzianum strain UN⁃2.The antifungal and pre⁃ventive effects of crudeβ⁃glucanase solution on rice sheath blight were studied through in vitro antagonism and field experiments.【Result】The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the fermentation ofβ⁃glucanase from T.harzianum strain UN⁃2 were wheat bran and ammonium sulfate,respectively.Metal ions Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)had a significant promotional effect on the activity ofβ⁃glucanase induced from T.harzia⁃num.The optimal culture medium for T.harzianum strain UN⁃2 to produceβ⁃Glucanase were composed of 10.0 g/L wheat bran,0.5 g/Lβ⁃glucan,4.0 g/L ammonium sulfate,1.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+),0.5 mmol/L Mg^(2+).And the optimal fermentation conditions for producingβ⁃glu⁃canase were as follows:30 mL medium filled in 250 mL flask with 8 mL inoculum amount of the culture,initial pH 6.5,at 32℃,with shaker speed 160 r/min,incubating for 64 hours.The crudeβ⁃glucanase solution induced from T.harzianum strain UN⁃2 had a significant inhibito⁃ry effect on the mycelial growth and sclerotia germination of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizo

关 键 词：哈茨木霉 β⁃葡聚糖酶 诱导条件 水稻纹枯病 防效 

分 类 号：S435.111.42[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]