不同植物覆盖下蕉园土壤化学性质和酶活性的变化特征  

Variation characteristics of chemical properties and enzymatic activities of banana garden soil under different plant cover

作　　者：杨丽梅 周昀璠 徐胜涛[2] 王永芬 俞春燕 李迅东[2] 郑泗军[2,4] YANG Li-mei;ZHOU Yun-fan;XU Sheng-tao;WANG Yong-fen;YU Chun-yan;LI Xu-dong;ZHENG Si-jun(School of Agriculture and Life Sciences,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;Agricultural Environment and Resources In-stitute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Longyang,Yunnan 678000,China;Biodiversity International,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,昆明650214 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南隆阳678000 [4]国际生物多样性中心,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第1期163-171,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31600349);云南省兴滇英才支持计划“青年人才专项”(YNWR⁃QNBJ⁃2019⁃246);云南省优势水果科技特派团(202204BI090019);国家香蕉产业技术体系“红河试验站”和“保山试验站”(CARS⁃31⁃22)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对植物覆盖下蕉园土壤化学性质及酶活性进行研究,明确植物覆盖对蕉园土壤质量影响的变化特征,以期为用地养地结合的蕉园种植模式提供数据支持。【方法】以无覆盖物的传统裸露种植方式为对照,以人工种植大翼豆[Macroptilium atropurpureum(DC.)Urb]和自然生杂草为覆盖处理,通过连续3年田间小区定位试验,分析植物覆盖下蕉园土壤化学性质及酶活性的变化特征。【结果】植物覆盖显著改善了蕉园土壤化学性质及酶活性(P<0.05),与对照相比,大翼豆覆盖处理的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷分别提升51.92%、38.00%、41.86%、20.85%、29.70%;大翼豆覆盖处理的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶及磷酸酶活性分别提高34.19%、50.28%、33.41%、101.54%。植物覆盖措施在1年内有效改善了蕉园土壤有机质、碱解氮及有效磷含量,而对土壤全氮及全磷含量的影响则需要覆盖处理2年以上才能达到显著水平;主成分分析结果表明,大翼豆覆盖处理对土壤酶活性影响较自然生杂草处理显著。【结论】与传统裸露种植方式相比,两种覆盖模式均显著提高了土壤化学性质和酶活性,且豆科植物覆盖效果明显优于自然生杂草,宽窄行种植配合豆科植物覆盖处理,能有效改善土壤质量,可作为云南干热河谷区域香蕉产业健康发展的技术模式。【Objective】By analyzing the soil chemical properties and enzyme activities of banana garden under plant cover,the vaiation char⁃acteristics of soil quality were clarified,which would provide data support for exploring the combination of land use and land cultivation mode of banana garden.【Method】Using the traditional bare planting pattern without any cover plant as control,natural weeds and artificial plant⁃ing Macroptilium atropurpureum as the cover plant treatments,the variation characteristics of chemical properties and enzymeatic activities of banana garden soil with plant cover were analyzed based on 3⁃years field plot location trail.【Result】Plant cover significantly improved soil chemical properties and enzymatic activities(P<0.05).Compared with control,soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,a⁃vailable nitrogen and available phosphorus content of soil with artificial planting M.atropurpureum treatment were improved by 51.92%,38.00%,41.86%,20.85%and 29.70%,respectively;The activities of soil sucrase,urease,catalase and phosphatase were increased by 34.19%,50.28%,33.41%and 101.54%,respectively.Plant cover could significantly and effectively improve the soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus content of banana garden soil within one year,while the effect of plant cover on total ni⁃trogen and total phosphorus content took more than two years to show significant difference;The results of principal component analysis showed that artificial planting M.atropurpureum treatment had a more significant effect on soil enzyme activity than that of natural weeds treat⁃ment.【Conclusion】Compared with the traditional bare planting pattten,the two cover plant treatments significantly increased the soil chemi⁃cal properties and enzymatic activities of banana garden,moreover artificial planting M.atropurpureum treatement had a better effect on soil improvement than natural weeds.The wide⁃narrow⁃row planting pattern combined with legume cover treatm

关 键 词：植物覆盖 蕉园 土壤化学性质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S668[农业科学—果树学]