1984—2019年广西表层土壤有效磷含量的演变特征  

Evolutionary characteristics of available phosphorus content in surface soil of Guangxi during 1984-2019

作　　者：韦洋 康吉利 冯鑫鑫 刘文奇 谢贤胜 侯显达 王铄今 贾书刚 刘书田 侯彦林 WEI Yang;KANG Ji-li;FENG Xin-xin;LIU Wen-qi;XIE Xian-sheng;HOU Xian-da;WANG Shuo-jin;JIA Shu-gang;LIU Shu-tian;HOU Yan-lin(Guangxi Geographical Indication Crops Research Center of Big Data Mining and Experimental Engineering Technology,Nanning Normal University/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation/Key laboratory of Environment Change and Re-sources Use in Beibu Gulf of Ministry of Education,Nanning 530001,China;School of Geography and Planning,Nanning Normal Universi-ty,Nanning 530001,China;Guangxi Soil Fertilizer Workstation,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学广西地标作物大数据工程技术研究中心/广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室/北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南宁530001 [2]南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院,南宁530001 [3]广西土壤肥料工作站,南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第1期172-181,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技基地与人才专项(AD18126012);北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验开放课题(GTEU⁃KLOP⁃X1704)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究1984—2019年广西表层土壤有效磷(AP)含量的演变特征,为合理制定广西农作物施肥管理措施及提高土壤肥力提供科学依据。【方法】基于广西第二次土壤普查项目(1984年)、广西测土配方施肥项目(2009年)及长期定位试验数据(2010—2019年),采用地统计学、动态度和分布指数等方法分析广西表层土壤AP含量的时空演变特征及其在不同海拔上的分布状况。【结果】1984—2019年广西表层土壤AP含量总体上大幅提升。其中,1984年表层土壤AP含量偏低(小于10.0 mg/kg)的土壤面积约占全区土壤总面积的80.00%,2019年表层土壤AP含量集中在10.0~40.0 mg/kg的土壤面积约占全区土壤总面积的97.00%。表层土壤AP含量为等级2(20.0 mg/kg<AP含量≤40.0 mg/kg)和等级3(10.0 mg/kg<AP含量≤20.0 mg/kg)的土壤面积所占比例分别由1984年的2.47%和4.12%提升至2019年的43.38%和48.57%。在变化速度方面,表层土壤AP含量为等级6(AP含量≤3.0 mg/kg)的土壤面积减少最迅速,动态度为-2.82%,等级2的土壤面积增加最迅速,动态度为47.28%,总体变化速度表现为等级2>等级3>等级1(AP含量>40.0 mg/kg)>等级6>等级5(3.0 mg/kg<AP含量≤5.0 mg/kg)>等级4(5.0 mg/kg<AP含量≤10.0 mg/kg)。在不同海拔上,土壤AP含量等级1和等级6的分布指数曲线均发生较大变动。1984年等级1的土壤面积在5个高程区的分布指数分别为0.07、2.00、2.22、1.69和0.16,2019年的分布指数分别为2.66、0.25、0、0和0;1984年等级6的土壤面积在5个高程区的分布指数分别为1.33、1.15、0.96、0.80和0.90,2019年的分布指数分别为0.12、0.08、1.94、7.95和1.76。【结论】1984—2019年广西表层土壤AP含量等级及空间分布格局均存在较大变动,大部分区域的表层土壤AP含量明显上升,主要介于10.0~40.0 mg/kg,其中,土壤类型和海拔是重要影响因素,人为干扰是导致表层土壤AP含量明显上升的直接原因。因此,广西农�【Objective】To study the evolution characteristics of available phosphorus(AP)content in the surface soil of Guangxi from 1984 to 2019,providing scientific basis for rational formulation of crop fertilization management measures and improvement of soil fertility.【Method】Based on the data of Guangxi second soil survey project(1984),Guangxi formula fertilization project(2009)and the long⁃term positioning experiment data(2010-2019),geostatistics,dynamic attitude and distribution index were used to analyze the spatio⁃temporal evolution of AP content in surface soil in Guangxi and its distribution at different altitudes.【Result】From 1984 to 2019,the overall AP content in the sur⁃face soil of Guangxi has greatly increased.In 1984,the surface soil with low AP content(less than 10.0 mg/kg)accounted for about 80.00%of the total soil area of Guangxi.In 2019,the surface soil AP content was concentrated in the soil area of 10.0-40.0 mg/kg,ac⁃counting for 97.00%of the total soil area of Guangxi.The proportion of soil area classified as grade 2(20.0 mg/kg<AP content≤40.0 mg/kg)and grade 3(10.0 mg/kg<AP content≤20.0 mg/kg)increased from 2.47%and 4.12%in 1984 to 43.38%and 48.57%in 2019,respectively.In terms of the rate of change,the soil area with grade 6(AP content≤3.0 mg/kg)had the most rapid decrease with a dynamic index of-2.82%.On the other hand,the soil area with grade 2 had the most significant increase with a dynamic index of 47.28%.The o⁃verall rate of change showed the following order:grade 2>grade 3>grade 1(AP content>40.0 mg/kg)>grade 6>grade 5(3.0 mg/kg<AP content≤5.0 mg/kg)>grade 4(5.0 mg/kg<AP content≤10.0 mg/kg).At different altitudes,the distribution index curves of soil ar⁃eas with grade 1 and grade 6 experienced significant changes.In 1984,the distribution index of soil area with grade 1 at five elevation zones was 0.07,2.00,2.22,1.69 and 0.16,respectively.In 2019,the distribution index changed to 2.66,0.25,0,0 and 0,respectively.Similar⁃ly,in 1984,the distribution index of s

关 键 词：表层土壤 有效磷含量 演变特征 地统计学 广西 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学]