死刑案件法律援助律师准入标准的中美比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Access Standard for Legal Aid Lawyers in Death Penalty Cases between China and the United States

作　　者：苏亭玮 Su Tingwei(Peking University,Beijing,100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2023年第6期100-111,共12页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

摘　　要：2021年出台的《中华人民共和国法律援助法》首次规定了死刑案件法律援助律师的准入标准,为保障死刑案件法律援助的质量提供了重要的法律蓝本。然而,由于有效辩护理念缺位,程序职权主义色彩过浓,死刑控制方式单一,《中华人民共和国法律援助法》忽视了对法律援助律师辩护能力的规定。美国法的经验表明,法律援助律师的辩护能力是评价死刑案件法律援助律师是否适格的重要内容。为进一步完善我国死刑案件法律援助律师的准入标准,需要在立法层面细化准入条件、建立培训机制;激活程序性制裁,将一审审理程序中律师的辩护质量纳入二审的审查范围,并在辩护律师未能提供适格辩护时提供救济;完善死刑复核程序,引入诉讼主体参与诉讼程序,改造死刑复核程序的行政化构造。The Legal Aid Law of 2021 stipulated the access standard for legal aid lawyers in death penalty cases for the first time,providing an important legal blueprint for guaranteeing the quality of legal aid in death penalty cases.However,due to the absence of effective defense concept,excessive procedural authoritarianism,and the single way of controlling the death penalty,the Legal Aid Law neglects to the provisions on the defense competence of legal aid lawyers.The experience of United States law shows that the ability of legal aid lawyers is an important element in evaluating whether a legal aid lawyer in a capital case is qualified.In order to further improve the access standards for legal aid lawyers in death penalty cases in China,it is necessary to specify the access standard and establish a training mechanism.This includes activating procedural sanctions,incorporating the quality of lawyers' defense in the first-instance trial procedure into the scope of the second-instance trial,providing remedies when the defense lawyers fail to provide a competent defense,improving the review procedure for the death penalty by introducing the participation of the subject of litigation in the process,and overturning the administrative structure of the review procedure for the death penalty.

关 键 词：法律援助 准入标准 有效辩护 

分 类 号：D916.5[政治法律—法学]