严重致害型污染环境罪的因果关系认定与结果归属  

The Causal Relationship Identification and Result Attribution of the Crime of Serious Environmental Pollution

作　　者：曾文科 罗博成 ZENG Wenke;LUO Bocheng(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期57-67,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部霍英东教育基金会高等院校青年教师基金资助项目(171078);中国政法大学青年创新团队项目(21CXTD09)。

摘　　要：随着立法的修订及新司法解释的出台,环境污染行为致生重大损害的因果关系认定及责任归属问题亟待厘清。条件理论仅为空洞的逻辑规则,事实因果关系的确定应当根据“合法则的条件说”进行判断。当有证据证明环境污染行为与损害后果存在高度盖然性时,即可肯定存在具体的因果关系,这一认定不违反存疑有利于被告人原则。基于被容许风险理论、法秩序统一性原理和个人责任原则,多主体在行政许可范围内排放污染但累积性地造成损害后果的,损害结果不得归属于合法排污行为。单位实施严重致害型污染环境行为的,除追究单位责任外,损害结果还应归属于直接实施污染环境行为的一般雇员以及作出决策或存在监督过失的管理人员。With the revision of legislation and the introduction of new judicial interpretations,the problem of causality identification and liability attribution of major damage caused by environmental pollution behavior needs to be clarified urgently.The conditional theory is only an empty logical rule,and the determination of factual causality should be judged according to the theory of“The Conditions of Legality”.When there is evidence to prove that there is a high degree of probability between environmental pollution behavior and damage consequences,it is certain that there is a specific causal relationship.This determination does not violate the principle that doubt is conducive to the defendant.Based on the theory of allowable risk,the principle of unity of legal order and the principle of personal responsibility,if multiple subjects discharge pollution within the scope of administrative licensing but cause cumulative damage consequences,the damage results shall not be attributed to legal pollution discharge behavior.In addition to the responsibility of the unit,the damage results should also be attributed to the general employees who directly implement the behavior of polluting the environment and the managers who make decisions or have supervisory negligence.

关 键 词：污染罪环境 合法则的条件说 累积因果关系 监督过失 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]