湖泊底栖动物群落对清淤工程的响应及其重建过程研究:以太湖竺山湾和梅梁湾为例  

The response of macrozoobenthic communities to dredging projects and its reconstruction process:A case study of Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake

作　　者：王凯 万彬 陈黎明[1] 陆海明[1] 陈海波 李红静 谢得宝 WANG Kai;WAN Bin;CHEN Liming;LU Haiming;CHEN Haibo;LI Hongjing;XIE Debao(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Research center on hydrology and water resources of Ministry of water resources,Nanjing 210029,China;Bureau of water affairs of Wujiang District,Suzhou City,Suzhou 215228,China;Nanjing R&D Tech Group Co.,Ltd,Jiangsu 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院,水利部水文水资源工程技术研究中心,南京210029 [2]苏州市吴江区水务局,苏州215200 [3]南京水科院瑞迪科技集团有限公司,南京210029

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2023年第12期3915-3925,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200304);江苏省水利科技项目(2021013)。

摘　　要：底栖动物群落组成和结构对清淤工程实施的响应关系是清淤工程论证和实施效果评价关注的焦点问题。以2013—2014年在竺山湾和梅梁湾等西太湖重污染区实施的环保清淤工程为例,通过清淤前后6 a现场采样和室内鉴别,研究了底栖动物群落组成和结构在工程实施前后变化过程及其响应关系。结果表明,环保清淤工程实施前后(2013—2018年)共采集到底栖动物共计3门7纲41属(种),竺山湾和梅梁湾总分类单元数由清淤前的20和12分别降为13和8,梅梁湾清淤前Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数分别为1.83、0.82和0.79,清淤后短期内分别降低至1.31、0.59和0.61,清淤6个月后其底栖动物丰度开始恢复,并逐步达到稳定;竺山湾实施清淤后Margalef指数和Pielou指数均值分别由0.006和0.55增加至0.009和0.57。环保清淤短期内对底栖动物群落结构的直接影响为丰度和多度的降低,竺山湾和梅梁湾优势属以水丝蚓属和河蚬为主,竺山湾清淤后短期内底栖动物密度均值由1 707 ind·m^(-2)降至1 107 ind·m^(-2),梅梁湾多毛类和软体动物密度分别由104 ind·m^(-2)和181 ind·m^(-2)降至16 ind·m^(-2)和96 ind·m^(-2)。环保清淤4 a后竺山湾和梅梁湾耐污能力评价整体仍处于中污染状态,底栖动物分类单元数下降至13和8,竺山湾底栖动物密度清淤后均值下降至954 ind·m^(-2),梅梁湾底栖动物丰度值下降但总密度清淤后均值增加至1 402ind·m^(-2),竺山湾和梅梁湾底栖动物群落结构恢复仍需较长过程。该研究结果可为湖库清淤工程中的底栖动物保护提供参考。Macrozoobenthic are inevitably affected by dredging projects.The response relationship between of the benthic community composition and structure to the implementation of dredging projects is a focus of attention in the demonstration and implementation effect evaluation of dredging projects.This study took the environmental dredging project implemented in heavily polluted areas of West Taihu Lake from 2013 to 2014 as an example.Through 6 years on-site sampling and indoor identification,the change process of the composition and structure of benthic community and its responses before and after the implementation of the environmental dredging project were studied.The results show that during the implementation of the ecological dredging project(2013—2018),a total of 3 phyla,7 classes,and 41 genera(species)of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected.The total number of taxa in Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay decreased from 20 and 12 to 13 and 8 respectively.The average values of Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and Simpson index were 1.83,0.82 and 0.79 respectively before dredging in Meiliang Bay.They decreased to 1.31,0.59 and 0.61 respectively in the short term after dredging.The benthic animals began to recover and gradually reached stability after 6 months of dredging.After the implementation of dredging in Zhushan Bay,the average Margalef index and Pielou index increased from 0.006 and 0.55 to 0.009 and 0.57 respectively.The direct impact of ecological dredging on the community structure of benthic animals in the short term is the reduction of abundance and abundance.The dominant genera in Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay are mainly Limnodrilus and Corbicula fluminea.In the short term after dredging in Zhushan Bay,the average density of benthic animals dropped from 1707 ind·m^(-2) to 1107 ind·m^(-2),and the density of Polychaete and Mollusc in Meiliang Bay decreased from 104 ind·m^(-2) and 181 ind·m^(-2) to 16 ind·m^(-2) and 96 ind·m^(-2).4 years after environmental dredging,the overall pollution resistance e

关 键 词：环保清淤 底栖动物 丰度 多度 耐污能力 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X171.4