从无序到有序:全面抗战时期太行根据地村庄的粮秣存调  

From Disorder to Order:The Storage and Allocation of Grain and Forage in Villages in Taihang Base during the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：冯小红 FENG Xiaohong

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院地方文化研究院,河北邯郸056006

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第2期197-210,共14页Academic Monthly

基　　金：河北文化研究项目“冀南地区晋冀鲁豫边区军政机关旧址调查与保护研究”(HB19WH14)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：太行山文书所见“平顺县李庄编村村公所凭条”“涉县三和村、杨家庄、卸甲村凭条”“涉县第六区匡门村仓库凭条及单据”,可分别反映出全面抗战时期太行根据地村庄粮秣存调不同阶段的实况。经剖析凭条内容和形制可知,全面抗战初期,各军政单位均直接或间接向村庄摊派粮秣,村庄管理机构一般采取随派随筹随交方式加以应对,其相关工作呈现出紧迫性和随机性特点。全面抗战中期,村庄粮秣存调逐渐形成一套以“统一管理,分散保存”为原则的办法,村庄管理机构除调拨粮秣外,还增加了一项存储功能,其相关工作呈现出正常化和规范化特点。全面抗战后期,晋冀鲁豫边区公布了一系列粮秣管理制度,县以下基本形成由县仓库-分仓库-村仓库组成的垂直管理系统,专门负责粮秣的保管和调拨;村庄管理机构虽然不再负责粮秣的存调手续,但仍须对粮秣之运输、动员埋藏、保管等方面负全责,相关工作呈现出统一化和制度化特点。总之,全面抗战时期太行根据地村庄的粮秣存调经历了三个阶段,形成了一个从无序到有序的发展历程,在这个历程中,中国共产党缔造的新型乡村治理体系对粮秣存调秩序化发挥了关键性作用。The documents in the Taihang Mountain Documents,including"the Receipts from Li Zhuang Administrative Office in Pingshun County","the Receipts from Sanhe Village,Yangjia Village and Xiejia Village"and"the Receipts from Kuangmen Village Warehouse in the Sixth District of She County",can respectively reflect the actual situation of the storage and allocation of grain and forage in villages in Taihang Base at the different stages during the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War.According to the analysis of the content and form of the receipts,the following conclusions can be drawn.In the early stage of the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,all of the military and political units directly or indirectly distributed grain and forage to villages.To cope with their distribution,village management institutions generally adopted the method of allocating at any time,raising at any time,and paying at any time.Its related work exhibited characteristics of urgency and randomness.In the middle stage of the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,the storage and allocation of grain and forage in villages gradually formed a set of methods based on the principle of"unified management and decentralized preservation".In addition to allocating grain and forage,the village management organization also added a storage function,and its related work showed characteristics of normalization and standardization.In the late stage of the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,with the announcement of a series of grain and forage management systems in Shanxi-Hebei-Henan-Shandong Border Region,a vertical management system consisting of county warehouses,sub warehouses and village warehouses specifically responsible for grain storage and allocation below the county level had been basically formed.Although the village management organizations were no longer responsible for the storing and allocating procedures of grain and forage,it still had to take full responsibility for the transportation,mobilization,bury,and storage of grain and forage,and its related work showed

关 键 词：粮秣存调 秩序化 凭条 太行山文书 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]