中国杂交水稻在非洲的技术积累及其可持续发展  

Technical Accumulation of Chinese Hybrid Rice in Africa and Its Sustainable Development

作　　者：文春晖[1,2] 徐海涛 Wen Chunhui;Xu Haitao

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学经济学院 [2]湖南农业大学中非农业合作与发展基地

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2024年第1期131-151,156,共22页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学成果评审重点项目(XSP20ZDI006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：杂交水稻技术作为缓解世界粮食短缺问题的重要工具,为中非农业合作带来了深远的积极影响。中非杂交水稻技术合作始于20世纪90年代初期,现已从杂交水稻试验示范、本土化育种初探阶段发展至本土化制种及全产业链合作初创的新阶段。由中国主导的马达加斯加杂交水稻商业化运作全产业链合作体系,不仅为马达加斯加粮食振兴计划的增产目标夯实了基础,而且为中国农业技术在非洲开展属地和商业化产业合作发挥了良好的示范和推动作用。然而,杂交水稻技术合作的复杂性使之在其他非洲国家的大面积推广面临一些挑战,具体而言,包括合作目标国农业投入不足、农田水利设施匮乏、农业技术人才缺乏、产业发展资金不足、不同政治集团的利益纷争与国际舆论环境的压力等多重制约因素。与此同时,非洲国家建立自主可控粮食安全体系的紧迫性、中非提升粮食生产战略与政策的高度契合性、中非经贸博览会创立提供的新动能,以及中非农业合作挑战因素的长期性、复杂性,使未来中非杂交水稻技术合作得以渐进性发展与深化具备了条件。As an important tool to alleviate the problem of food shortage in the world,hybrid rice technology has brought a far-reaching positive impact on China-Africa agricultural cooperation.China-Africa hybrid rice technical cooperation began in the early 1990s,and has now developed from the stage of hybrid rice experimental demonstration and localized breeding to the new stage of localized seed production and the start-up of the whole industry chain cooperation.The hybrid rice whole industrial chain system established by China in Madagascar has effectively alleviated the problem of food shortage in the country,and plays a strong promotion and demonstration role in the transformation and upgrading of China-Africa agricultural technology cooperation.However,the promotion of hybrid rice technical cooperation faces challenges because of the complexity of hybrid rice technology,specifically,including insufficient agricultural investment,lack of farmland water conservancy facilities,lack of agricultural technology talents,insufficient funds for the development of industrial chain,conflicts of interests among different political groups and pressure from the international public opinion environment.But at the same time,the urgency for African countries to establish an independent and controllable food security system,the high compatibility of strategies and policies to improve food production in China and Africa,the new momentum provided by plaforms such as the China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo and the long-term and complex challenges of China-Africa agricultural cooperation will promote and deepen the gradual development of China-Africa hybrid rice technical cooperation.

关 键 词：中非合作 农业技术合作 杂交水稻技术 农业技术积累 全产业链 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F34