黄海南部海域鱼类群落结构及生物量粒径谱特征  

Fish community stracture and biomass particle size spectrum in the southern Yellow Sea

作　　者：朱海晨 汤建华[1] 吴磊[1] 施金金[1] 王储庆 王燕平[1] 闫欣[1] 葛慧 ZHU Haichen;TANG Jianhua;WU Lei;SHI Jinjin;WANG Chuqing;WANG Yanping;YAN Xin;GE Hui(Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Nantong 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第9期1102-1111,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：江苏省水生生物资源重大专项暨首次水生野生动物资源普查项目(ZYHB16-2);南通市科技项目(MS12021085)。

摘　　要：为了解黄海南部海域鱼类群落结构及生物量粒径谱特征,根据2017—2018年底拖网调查资料,分析了黄海南部海域4个季节鱼类种类组成、优势种、资源密度,构建了鱼类生物量粒径谱。结果显示,全年共采集鱼类133种,隶属于20目64科,全年优势种为小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus),不同季节优势鱼种存在一定差异;全年鱼类平均资源密度为(1258.85±796.92)kg/km^(2),4个季节鱼类平均资源密度由大到小依次为夏季、春季、秋季、冬季,资源密度分布呈现季节差异;ABC曲线显示春、秋季鱼类群落处于严重干扰状态,夏、冬季处于中等干扰状态;鱼类Sheldon型粒径谱存在明显的季节差异,波峰对应的粒径级为高丰度粒径级小的鱼种;鱼类生物量标准化粒径谱拟合曲线呈抛物线型,曲率均高于稳定理论值-1,曲线偏陡,说明鱼类群落以小型个体为主,群落中的营养循环效率低。总体上,黄海南部海域鱼类群落结构处于不稳定状态,这可能与环境因素、鱼类生理习性以及人类捕捞影响有关。Fish is the primary focus of research within fishery resources and represents one of the most important sources of human food.Within the fishery ecosystem,the fish community can reflect the energy conversion processes.The southern Yellow Sea,characterized by the interplay of the Yellow Sea warm current,coastal current,and the Yellow Sea cold water mass,possesses a complex ecological environment and abundant fish resources.To comprehend the composition and characteristics of the fish community and the spectrum of fish biomass particle sizes in the southern Yellow Sea,we conducted an analysis using trawl survey data from 2017 to 2018.Our study examined fish species composition,dominant species,and resource density across four seasons and constructed a fish biomass particle size spectrum.The findings revealed that a total of 133 fish species from 64 families and 20 orders were collected.The dominant species included Larimichthys polyactis,Pampus argenteus,Engraulis japonicus,and Trichiurus lepturus,with some differences in dominant species across different seasons.The annual average resource density of fish was(1258.85±796.92)kg/km^(2),with seasonal variations observed in summer,spring,autumn,and winter.An ABC curve indicated significant disturbance in fish communities during spring and autumn,with moderate disturbance during summer and winter.Notably,distinct seasonal differences were found in the Sheldon-type particle size spectrum of fish,with high abundance among small-sized individuals at specific particle size levels corresponding to peaks.Furthermore,the fitting curve for the standardized fish biomass particle size spectrum exhibited a parabolic shape with curvatures higher than the stable theoretical value-1.This suggests dominance by small individuals within the fish community and low nutrient cycling efficiency.Overall,the instability of the fish community in the southern Yellow Sea may be attributed to environmental factors,the physiological habits of fishes,and human fishing practices.

关 键 词：黄海南部 鱼类种类组成 鱼类群落结构 ABC曲线 资源密度 粒径谱 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]