地缘政治回归进程中的非传统安全研究:十年评估与未来议程  

Geopolitics and Non-traditional Security Studies over the Past Decade in China

作　　者：李开盛 LI Kaisheng(Shanghai Institutes of International Studies,Shanghai,200233)

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2024年第2期119-138,166,共21页Journal of International Security Studies

摘　　要：非传统安全研究反对国家中心主义与国际关系中的零和思维,与强调国家间竞争甚至对抗关系的地缘政治具有难以调和的内在张力。然而,当前世界正处于自冷战结束以来地缘政治回归且不断强化的时期:美国视中国为系统性竞争对手并在“印太战略”名义下采取广泛的对华遏制措施,俄乌冲突成为冷战结束以后规模最大的一次地区战争,世界还见证了新一轮巴以冲突的突然爆发。地缘政治的回归对非传统安全领域产生了深刻的影响,原来更多强调合作与非零和关系的国际贸易、环境保护、科技合作、能源安全等非传统安全议题,越来越被传统安全逻辑所影响、扭曲甚至控制,非传统安全议题成为大国博弈工具,非传统安全合作举步维艰。通过检视自2014年以来的中国非传统安全研究成果可以发现,少量成果意识到了非传统安全问题的“传统安全化”,但多数研究仍然对非传统安全概念与范式抱有过度乐观的期待,对地缘政治的回归重视不够,对非传统安全及其研究所受到的影响估计不足。根据总体国家安全观统筹传统安全与非传统安全的要求,未来的非传统安全研究必须更具现实感和针对性,通过重新发现安全事实和完善分析框架,强化对地缘政治变量的重视,进一步提升自己的学术意义与现实价值。Non-traditional security studies(NTSS)that oppose state-centrism and the logic of zero-sum competition are usually considered as the contradiction to geopolitics that underlines international competition and confrontation.However,the world is witnessing now the return and intensification of geopolitics:the US containment against China in the name of the Indo-Pacific strategy,the Russia-Ukraine conflict as the largest regional war since the end of the Cold War and the sudden outbreak of a new round of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.NTSS has been profoundly impacted by the return of geopolitics,such non-traditional security issues as international trade,environmental protection,science cooperation and energy security are increasingly distorted by the zero-sum thinking and becoming the tools of power competition.By reviewing China’s non-traditional security research results since 2014,it can be found that only a small number of results have touched the topic of securitization of non-traditional security issues,and most of the studies still cling to the existing concepts and paradigms,largely overlooking the return of geopolitics and its great influences.In the future,NTSS must be more realistic and target-oriented in the reconstruction of its academic significance and practical value by rediscovering geopolitics-related security facts and improving the research framework.

关 键 词：非传统安全 地缘政治 非传统安全研究转型 大国安全关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]