北京延庆山区紫苏林下生态种植模式研究  

Study on the under-forest ecological planting model of Perilla frutescens in the mountain area of Beijing’s Yanqing district

作　　者：满孜拉·吐吉达 宋鑫宇 李涵秋 龙洋 姚霞[3] 田晔林[1] MANZILA·Tudaji;SONG Xinyu;LI Hanqiu;LONG Yang;YAO Xia;TIAN Yelin(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;WuXi XDC(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd.Shanghai 200000,China;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peiking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林学院,北京100096 [2]上海药明合联生物技术有限公司,上海200000 [3]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2024年第1期111-115,共5页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：北京市科学技术委员会、中关村科技园区管理委员会“科技小院双新双创科技示范工程”资助(Z201100008020017)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明北京山区老龄化村庄中药材林下生态种植模式,助力乡村振兴。【方法】以典型的老龄化村庄—延庆区大庄科乡黄土梁村作为试验地点,中药材紫苏作为试验材料,在板栗林下进行生态种植,设置不同的播种量和有机菌肥用量,收获后统计分析紫苏产量、品质及收益,与大田和四旁地种植的紫苏进行比较。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫苏叶挥发油并测定含量,使用高效液相色谱法测定紫苏梗和紫苏子中迷迭香酸含量。【结果】采用生态种植技术,紫苏药材品质达到且优于《中国药典》2020版标准;不同种植环境的收益达9 585.00~10 350.00元/hm^(2);郁闭度为0.20板栗林下,播种量22.50 kg/hm^(2),有机菌施肥量1 800.00 kg/hm^(2)的条件下紫苏药材产量高、品质优、收益好。【结论】紫苏林下生态种植模式充分利用山区农村的自然禀赋,在获得可观收益的同时,大幅度降低了劳动力投入,非常适合在山区老龄化农村进行推广。[Objective]This study aims to explore the under-forest ecological planting model of traditional Chinese medicinal material in aging villages of Beijing mountain area to assist rural revitalization.[Methods]Huangtuliang village in Dazhuangke township of Yanqing district,one of typical mountain aging villages was selected as the study site,and Perilla frutescens was used as the traditional Chinese medicinal material.P.frutescens was planted ecologically under the chestnut forest with different sowing rates and organic bacterial fertilizer levels,and the yield,quality,and income were analyzed after harvest,which were compared with those of P.frutescens cultivated in farmland and four sides.The volatile oil in Perillae folium was extracted by steam distillation method and the content was determined.The high performance liquid chromatography method was used to measure rosmarinic acid content in stems and seeds.[Results]Based on ecological planting technique,the quality of P.frutescens medicinal material met or exceeded the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition)..The income in three planting environments reached 9585.00-10350.00 yuan/hm^(2).Under the chestnut forest of 0.2 canopy density,with 22.50 kg/hm^(2) sowing rate and 1800.00 kg/hm^(2) organic fertilizer level,P.frutescens medicinal material had the characteristics of high yield,excellent quality,and high income.[Conclusions]The under-forest ecological planting model of P.frutescens is fully utilized was that fully utilizing the natural endowment of rural areas in mountain areas obtained considerable benefits,and significantly reduced labor input,which was very suitable for promotion in aging rural areas in mountain areas.

关 键 词：紫苏 生态种植 栽培措施 品质 产量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学] S359[医药卫生—中医学]