不同覆膜栽培方式下胡麻叶片叶绿素含量、失水速率及产量  

Chlorophyll content,water loss rate and yield of flax under different film mulching cultivation methods

作　　者：杨治伟 曹秀霞 张炜 剡宽将 钱爱萍 Yang Zhiwei;Cao Xiuxia;Zhang Wei;Yan Kuanjiang;Qian Aiping(Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan 756000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期53-60,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-2-28);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02020)。

摘　　要：[目的]干旱是制约宁南山区胡麻生长和生产的非生物胁迫因子之一。探索适宜宁南旱作农田覆膜栽培胡麻的有效栽培方式,可为解决胡麻栽培过程中的干旱问题及发展胡麻覆膜栽培提供实践和理论依据。[方法]于2021-2023年,以胡麻品种‘宁亚21号’为供试材料,在大田试验条件下,设平膜穴播(FHS)、垄膜沟播(RFS)和露地条播(CK)共3个处理,分析不同覆膜栽培方式对胡麻叶绿素含量、离体叶片失水速率及产量的影响。[结果]连续3年通过3种覆膜栽培的试验结果表明,在不同覆膜栽培条件下,同一年间胡麻叶片叶绿素含量均表现为FHS>RFS>CK,不同年份间不同覆膜栽培条件下的叶绿素含量不同;与CK相比,RFS和FHS的株高、鲜重和干重均高于CK;2021年和2023年的离体叶片失水速率表现为CK>RFS>FHS,而2022年的离体叶片失水速率表现为CK>FHS>RFS;产量均表现为FHS>RFS>CK,2021年FHS的增产幅度最大,其有效分枝数、有效结果数和单株产量均高于其它处理;有效结果数和单株产量均表现为FHS>RFS>CK。与CK相比,FHS和RFS均提高了胡麻叶片的叶绿素含量、产量、有效分枝数和有效结果数,降低了离体叶片的失水速率,且FHS优于RFS,在2021年FHS增产达到了185.7 kg·hm^(-2),且增产效果显著。相关性分析表明,离体叶片失水速率与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关,与产量呈极显著负相关;叶绿素含量与产量呈显著正相关。[结论]FHS不仅提高了胡麻叶片的叶绿素含量、产量、有效分枝数和有效结果数,还可以降低离体叶片的失水速率,增强胡麻的抗旱性,因此FHS种植方式是适合宁南旱作农田胡麻生产的有效栽培措施。[Objective]Drought is one of the abiotic stress factors restricting the growth and production of flax in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia.Exploring effective mulching cultivation methods for flax in the dryland fields of southern Ningxia can provide practical and theoretical support for addressing the drought issues during flax cultivation and promoting mulching cultivation of flax.[Methods]From 2021 to 2023,the flax variety‘Ningya 21’was used as the experimental material.Under field trial conditions,three mulching cultivation treatments were applied:flat film hole sowing(FHS),ridge film furrow sowing(RFS)and open field strip sowing(CK).The effects of different mulching cultivation methods on chlorophyll content,detached leaf water loss rate,and yield were analyzed.[Results]The results of three consecutive years of experiments under three mulching cultivation conditions showed that,in different mulching cultivation conditions within the same year,the chlorophyll content of flax leaves exhibited the order FHS>RFS>CK.However,the chlorophyll content varied under different mulching cultivation conditions among different years.Compared to CK,both RFS and FHS treatments showed higher plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight.The detached leaf water loss rate in 2021 and 2023 was in the order CK>RFS>FHS,while in 2022,it was CK>FHS>RFS;The yield showed the order FHS>RFS>CK,with the greatest yield increase observed in FHS in 2021,where the effective branch number,effective pod number,and yield per plant were higher than other treatments.The effective pod number and yield per plant showed the order FHS>RFS>CK.Compared to CK,both FHS and RFS increased the chlorophyll content,yield,effective branch number,and effective pod number of flax leaves and reduced the detached leaf water loss rate.FHS outperformed RFS,and in 2021,FHS achieved a significant increase in yield by 185.7 kg·hm^(-2).Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between detached leaf water loss rate and chlorophyll content,as w

关 键 词：覆膜方式 胡麻 离体叶片失水速率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]