分拣式马铃薯联合收获机设计与试验  

Design and experimentation of sorting-type potato combined harvester

作　　者：姜伟 张华 崔中凯 邸志峰 Jiang Wei;Zhang Hua;Cui Zhongkai;Di Zhifeng(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Huang Huai Hai Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械科学研究院,山东济南250100 [2]农业农村部黄淮海现代农业装备重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]福建农林大学机电工程学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期130-140,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山东省薯类产业技术体系农业机械试验站(SDAIT-16-13);国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000802-2)。

摘　　要：[目的]马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,种植面积和产量均居全球第一。我国马铃薯以鲜食为主,为提高其储藏保鲜周期,对马铃薯收获品质要求较高。传统马铃薯联合收获机作业易造成马铃薯表皮破损和薯块损伤,影响马铃薯后期贮藏与销售,且分段收获人工捡拾劳动强度大,增加了种植成本。因此,鲜食马铃薯低损联合收获机需求迫切。[方法]针对鲜食马铃薯高效低损联合收获需求,结合鲜食马铃薯种植农艺,分析了马铃薯机械收获损伤机理,确定了鲜食马铃薯联合收获机整机设计方案和各关键部件的结构形式及参数,研制了一种集低阻挖掘、柔性输送、薯土分离、人工捡拾、装箱或装袋作业于一体的分拣式马铃薯联合收获机。整机采用低速缓振辅助分离、去土排杂与人工分拣相结合的作业方式,并在尾部设计了吨包收集平台,缩短了分离输送距离,减少薯块碰撞和跌落次数,显著降低了收获损伤和含杂率,提高了人工分拣效率和作业效率。[结果]田间试验表明,分拣式马铃薯联合收获机损失率为2.84%,伤薯率为1.31%,含杂率为2.19%,破皮率为2.1%,收获效率为0.13 hm^(2)·h^(-1),各项性能指标均满足马铃薯联合收获机农业行业标准要求。[结论]分拣式马铃薯联合收获机收获破皮和损伤率低,适用于鲜食马铃薯联合收获,具有广阔的推广应用前景。[Objective]Potatoes are the fourth largest grain crop in China,with the planting area and yield ranking first globally.In China,potatoes are primarily consumed fresh,and there is a high demand for improved storage and preservation periods to enhance the quality of potato harvest.Traditional potato combine harvester operations easily lead to damage to the potato skin and tubers,affecting the later storage and sales of potatoes.Moreover,the labor-intensive manual picking of segmented harvesting increases the planting cost.Therefore,there is an urgent demand for a low-loss combined harvester for fresh potatoes.[Methods]To meet the efficient and low-loss combined harvesting demand for fresh potatoes,considering the agronomy of fresh potato cultivation,the mechanical harvesting damage mechanism of potatoes was analyzed.The overall design scheme of the combined harvesting machine for fresh potatoes,along with the structural forms and parameters of key components,was determined.A sorting-type combined harvesting machine for potatoes was developed,which integrated low-resistance digging,flexible conveying,soil-potato separation,manual picking,and box or bag packaging operations.The machine adopted the operation mode of low-speed slow vibration auxiliary separation,soil removal,and impurity removal combined with manual sorting.A ton package collection platform was designed at the tail,which shortened the separation and transportation distance,reducing the collision and drop times of potato pieces,significantly reducing the harvest damage and impurity rate,and improving manual sorting efficiency and operation efficiency.[Results]Field experiments demonstrated 2.84%of loss rate of the sorting type potato combine harvester,1.31%of the potato damage rate,2.19%of the impurity content rate,2.1%of the skin breaking rate,and 0.13 hm^(2)/h of the harvesting efficiency.All performance indicators met the agricultural industry standards for potato combined harvesting machines.[Conclusion]The sorting type potato combine harvester has

关 键 词：鲜食马铃薯 联合收获机 人工分拣 田间试验 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]