数字聚合酶链式反应技术及其在疾病检测中的研究进展  

Development of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology and Its Progress in Disease Detection

作　　者：包旭东 胡孝林 万其武 张洪 罗阳 BAO Xu-Dong;HU Xiao-Lin;WAN Qi-Wu;ZHANG Hong*;LUO Yang(Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine,School of Medicine,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;College of Bioengineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health,National Health Commission,Chongqing 400020,China;Laboratory Medicine Center,The Second Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan 250033,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学医学院,智慧检验与分子医学中心,重庆400030 [2]重庆大学生物工程学院,重庆400044 [3]国家卫健委出生缺陷与生殖健康重点实验室,重庆400020 [4]山东大学第二医院,检验医学中心,济南250033

出　　处：《分析化学》2024年第1期13-21,共9页Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.82125022,82241059,82202633);中国博士后科学基金项目(No.BX20220194)资助。

摘　　要：数字聚合酶链式反应(Digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR)技术是通过将反应体系均分到数万个独立的PCR反应单元进行单分子级扩增,并结合泊松分布实现单拷贝核酸分子精确定量分析的PCR技术。dPCR技术具有灵敏度高、无需标准曲线等优势,被广泛应用于疾病检测领域。随着阶梯乳化和三维成像等技术的引入,dPCR技术在检测精度、多重检测和检测速度等方面得到极大改进,显著提升了其临床疾病诊断性能。本文追溯了dPCR技术的发展历程,对其在肿瘤和感染等疾病检测中的应用进行了综述,分析了dPCR技术发展存在的挑战与机遇,以期为dPCR技术未来的开发利用提供参考,推动临床检验分子技术高质量发展。Digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)is a PCR technology that realizes accurate quantification of single-copy nucleic acid molecules by dividing the reaction system into tens of thousands of independent PCR reaction units for single-molecule-level amplification and integrating Poisson distribution.Due to its single-copy sensitivity and accurate quantification without the need of standard curves,dPCR has been widely used in disease diagnosis.By introducing technologies such as stepped emulsification and three-dimensional imaging,dPCR has been greatly improved in terms of accuracy,multiplexability and turnaround time,significantly enhancing its performance in clinical disease diagnosis.Based on this,this paper traced the technological development history of dPCR,gave an overview of its application in detection of tumors,infections and other diseases,and further discussed the challenges and opportunities of the development of dPCR,with the aim of providing a reference for the development and utilization of dPCR in the future,and promoting the high-quality development of molecular technology in clinical testing.

关 键 词：数字聚合酶链式反应 微流控芯片 疾病诊断 单分子检测 评述 

分 类 号：R440[医药卫生—诊断学]