轻罪时代我国应该进行非犯罪化刑事立法——写在《刑法修正案(十二)》颁布之际  

China Should Engage in Decriminalization in Legislation in the Governance of Minor Offenses:Reflections on the Promulgation of the Amendment XII of the Criminal Law

作　　者：刘艳红 Liu Yanhong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第1期21-35,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2023年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“宽严相济刑事政策在司法领域的深化落实研究”(项目编号:GJ2023B05)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近三十年来,我国刑事立法一直保持单向度的犯罪化,12部刑法修正案一直在犯罪化的道路上行进。面对我国犯罪形势的不断变化以及轻罪治理现代化的时代要求,非犯罪化的立法需求变得极为明显。刑事立法要放弃“罪名越多,治理越好”的错误观念,坚持科学立法,在进行适度犯罪化的同时,统筹兼顾立改废释纂,充分体现轻罪时代宽严相济的刑事政策,适时进行非犯罪化。非犯罪化的理论根据是质量统一的“法益侵害+最小限度”说。在质的方面,行为的法益侵害性已经不值得动用刑罚处罚;在量的方面,对行为进行刑事惩罚已经突破了必要最小限度。我国刑事立法应该根据“法益侵害+最小限度”说,及时对故意延误投递邮件罪,倒卖车票、船票罪,非法进行节育手术罪等为代表的十余个罪名进行非犯罪化,以此实现我国刑法犯罪化和非犯罪化的动态平衡,充分发挥刑法对公民不被犯罪化的权利保障之作用。Over the past three decades,China's criminal legislation has predominantly followed a path of criminalization,as evident in the series of twelve amendments to the Criminal Law.However,with the changing landscape of criminal activities and the modernization of governance for minor offenses,the need for decriminalization has become increasingly apparent.This paper argues for a shift in the approach to criminal legislation,urging the abandonment of the misconception that"more charges mean better governance."Instead,it advocates for a scientifically grounded legislation that strikes a balance between moderate criminalization and comprehensive consideration of enactment,amendment,abolition,explanation and compilation.Emphasizing the era of balanced severity and leniency,the paper proposes the timely implementation of decriminalization measures in line with the principle of"harm to legal interests plus minimal intervention."By exemplifying offenses such as intentional delay of mail delivery,ticket scalping,and illegal sterilization surgery,this paper highlights the necessity of achieving a dynamic equilibrium between criminalization and decriminalization in China's criminal law.Ultimately,this approach aims to safeguard the rights of citizens by effectively leveraging the role of criminal law in preventing unjust criminalization.

关 键 词：轻罪时代 科学立法 宽严相济 犯罪化/非犯罪化 立改废释纂 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]